Effects of recreational sports training and nutritional intervention on expression of inflammation-related genes and protein metabolism in peripheral leukocytes and muscle tissue in Type 2 Diabetes patients

• Grant number: 22/01394-1
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• Start date: October 01, 2024
• End date: September 30, 2026
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Medicine - Medical Clinics
• Principal Investigator: Maysa Vieira de Sousa
• Grantee: Maysa Vieira de Sousa
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Medicina (FM). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Diabetes is the most prevalent diseases in the world with high rates of comorbidities and mortality, triggered by genetic and environmental factors, such as the adoption of a lifestyle with excessive caloric intake, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, among others. Sedentary lifestyle and inadequate diet alter contractile functions of the muscle and aerobic capacity, decreasing mitochondrial function, leading to muscle frailty and atrophy, among other complications of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, aging and sedentary lifestyle increase the oxidative stress of DNA, lipids and proteins, favouring the inflammation state, insulin resistance and the decrease of cytokines involved in muscle nutrition. Thus, by means of less costly treatment strategies as changes in lifestyle, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which the regular practice of physical exercises associated with the moderate calorie restriction diet can influence the expression of genes that contribute to mitochondrial biogenesis, insulin sensitivity, muscle regeneration and prevention of atrophy. Also, we aim to evaluate the interplay between circulating cytokines and extracellular vesicles, and the microRNAs involved in the metabolism of muscle proteins of our interest. In addition, the molecular repercussions of this treatment on body composition, and on biochemical, hormonal and hemodynamic responses, will be investigated, contributing to the advancement of translational research. (AU)