Assessment of lead (Pb) exposure in riverside populations of the Middle Solimões in the Brazilian Amazon.

• Grant number: 25/14022-3
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• Start date: October 01, 2025
• End date: September 30, 2026
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Pharmacy - Toxicological Analysis
• Principal Investigator: Fernando Barbosa Júnior
• Grantee: Fernando Barbosa Júnior
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Ribeirão Preto , SP, Brazil
• City of the host institution: Ribeirão Preto
• Associated research grant: 18/24069-3 - ReSEARCH: Recognizing Signatures of the Exposome to Anticipate the Risks for a Continuous Health, AP.TEM

Abstract

The Brazilian Amazon, spanning approximately 9 million km², harbors one of the greatest biological and sociocultural diversities on Earth. However, the region has been historically affected by extractive and artisanal mining activities, contributing to both environmental degradation and human exposure to toxic substances, particularly heavy metals such as lead (Pb). Lead is highly toxic even at low concentrations, interfering with critical physiological processes and associated with a wide range of acute and chronic adverse health effects. Studies conducted in riverine communities of the Lower Tapajós (Pará State) have reported elevated blood lead levels (B-Pb), with 57% of individuals presenting concentrations equal to or exceeding 10 µg/dL-a concerning finding given that the World Health Organization recognizes that no level of lead exposure is considered safe. One identified route of exposure is the consumption of traditionally prepared cassava flour, which is roasted on metal plates that may release lead into the food. In this context, the present study aims to characterize human lead exposure in three protected areas in the state of Amazonas: the Mamirauá and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves, and the Tefé National Forest (CAEE: 77196924.5.0000.5403). Although designated as protected areas, these regions may still be vulnerable to toxic metal contamination. To assess exposure, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) will be employed-an ultrasensitive and selective analytical technique suited for population biomonitoring due to its ability to detect multiple elements at trace levels. This study seeks not only to quantify the internal lead burden in these populations, but also to advance understanding of the environmental and health risks associated with the use of potentially contaminated materials in traditional practices, providing a scientific basis for public health interventions and preventive policies. (AU)