| Grant number: | 24/04118-0 |
| Support Opportunities: | Regular Research Grants |
| Start date: | November 01, 2025 |
| End date: | October 31, 2027 |
| Field of knowledge: | Engineering - Materials and Metallurgical Engineering - Nonmetallic Materials |
| Principal Investigator: | Renivaldo José dos Santos |
| Grantee: | Renivaldo José dos Santos |
| Host Institution: | Faculdade de Engenharia e Ciências (FEC). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Rosana. Rosana , SP, Brazil |
| City of the host institution: | Rosana |
| Associated researchers: | Alberto Lopez Gil ; Leandra Oliveira Salmazo ; MIGUEL ANGEL RODRIGUEZ PEREZ |
Abstract
Printer toner is the device attached to the printer, which has, inside, the material that will be printed on the paper. Toner powder is rarely used in color, most prints occur in gray or white and black scale. Even though there is a constant campaign for various day-to-day processes to be carried out digitally in order to consume less paper and toner, there is still a large-scale use of printing. On average, an empty printer ink cartridge contains 8% residual unused toner powder by weight, and this amount of waste depends on the types of printers. Typically, toner powder for laser printers is composed of carbon, a material composed of Fe3O4 such as ink and other chemicals with characteristics of significant toxicity to humans and the environment, resulting in inefficiency in correct disposal. Recycling and reusing this waste are suitable options for reducing the environmental impact caused by its incorrect disposal. The presence of carbon and iron oxide makes this residue an interesting and low-cost filler possibility for natural rubber-based composite materials. Preliminary tests demonstrated that the incorporation of this residue without any prior treatment improved some mechanical properties such as tensile and abrasion resistance, the results are similar to those obtained with the incorporation of carbon black type N-330. In this work, expanded and non-expanded natural rubber composites will be prepared with printer toner residue in different proportions and vulcanization systems and their physical-chemical properties will be characterized using rheometry techniques (ASTM D5289), density (ASTM D297), resistance to traction (ASTM D412), abrasion resistance (ASTM D5963) and hardness (ASTM D2240), cross-link density by the Mooney-Rivlin method and by swelling with organic solvents (ASTM D3616) using the Flory-Rehner equation, dynamic analysis mechanical (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composites will be prepared under high pressure and at a temperature of 150°C. The production of expanded composites will be carried out at the University of Valladolid in Spain, using physical foaming in an autoclave with the presence of a gas that acts as a physical expanding agent and in this same interaction with the Spanish group, physical and chemical characterizations will be carried out on the expanded composites. in the laboratories of the CellMat research group. (AU)
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