Biodiversity, evolution, endemism and conservation of the Medusozoa from the Southwestern Atlantic

• Grant number: 04/09961-4
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• Start date: September 01, 2005
• End date: August 31, 2010
• Field of knowledge: Biological Sciences - Zoology - Taxonomy of Recent Groups
• Principal Investigator: Antonio Carlos Marques
• Grantee: Antonio Carlos Marques
• Host Institution: Instituto de Biociências (IB). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil
• Pesquisadores principais: Alvaro Esteves Migotto
• Associated scholarship(s): 07/06560-7 - Diversity, distribution and abundance of the gelatinous plankton in the southwestern Atlantic, with enphasis on the siphonophores (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), BP.PD

Abstract

Although the medusozoans constitute a diverse and widely distributed group, with complex life histories and many species economically significant, there is a lack of biogeographical studies in general, either with descriptive or interpretative approaches. Indeed, considering the knowledge hitherto, there is not a single analysis in which areas of endemism are inferred based on medusozoan distributions. This lack of studies precludes a better understanding of its general evolution, besides of its troubled taxonomy and many complexities as a result to the presence of two distinct life cycle forms, the polyp and the medusa. In a higher level, these deficiencies of knowledge conceal conservation actions. Recent compilations indicate the presence of 384 species reported for the Brazilian coast, most of which included within the Hydrozoa. The present project aims to study the diversity of medusozoans in the Western South Atlantic, from Cabo Frio (RJ, Brazil) to Tierra del Fuego (Argentina), correlating distribution and life cycles. The study has two complementary approaches: a) to determine the pattern of present distribution of species and the recognition of areas of endemism and b) to provide explanations for the patterns of distribution observed and understand the factors affecting species distribution and evolution, particularly related to the biology and life history of the groups under study. Within this framework, we plan to 1) survey and evaluate the biodiversity of Medusozoa in the area under study, 2) identify areas of endemism, based on parsimony analyses of endemicity, in order to understand the general patterns of (macro-)distribution, 3) promote phylogeographycal studies that, together with life cycle and biology studies, aims the understand of the general and specific patterns of (micro-)distribution. An important byproduct of this study is to conserve and curate the collected medusozoan specimens into the collection of the Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP). The project will carry out benthic and planktonic surveys along the area under study, and will also consider the available previous collections undertaken between Cabo Frio and southern coast of Brazil. The coast of Uruguay and Argentina will be surveyed with the collaboration of Argentinan colleagues, a work that will also provide a baseline for taxonomic and distributional studies for the whole southwestern Atlantic. (AU)

Scientific publications

(51)

(References retrieved automatically from Web of Science and SciELO through information on FAPESP grants and their corresponding numbers as mentioned in the publications by the authors)

CARTWRIGHT, PAULYN; EVANS, NATHANIEL M.; DUNN, CASEY W.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; MIGLIETTA, MARIA PIA; SCHUCHERT, PETER; COLLINS, ALLEN G.. Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, v. 88, n. 8, SI, p. 1663-1672, DEC 2008. (04/09961-4)

IMAZU, MAURICIO ANTUNES; ALE, EZEQUIEL; NESTOR GENZANO, GABRIEL; MARQUES, ANTONIO CARLOS. A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa, v. 3753, n. 5, p. 421-439, JAN 9 2014. (11/50242-5, 04/09961-4)

RODRIGUEZ, CAROLINA S.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; STAMPAR, SERGIO N.; MORANDINI, ANDRE C.; CHRISTIANSEN, ERNESTO; GENZANO, GABRIEL N.; MIANZAN, HERMES W.. The taxonomic position of the pelagic `staurozoan' Tessera gemmaria as a ceriantharian larva. Zootaxa, n. 2971, p. 49-58, JUL 20 2011. (04/09961-4)

MORANDINI, ANDRE C.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Revision of the genus Chrysaora Peron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Zootaxa, n. 2464, p. 1-97, MAY 14 2010. (04/09961-4)

MIRANDA, THAIS PIRES; CUNHA, AMANDA FERREIRA; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Taxonomic position of Lovenella gracilis Clarke, 1882 (Lovenellidae, Hydrozoa): new evidences of microanatomy justify its maintenance in the genus Lovenella Hincks, 1868. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, v. 41, n. 2, SI, p. 286-295, APR 2013. (10/06927-0, 04/09961-4)

MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; PENA CANTERO, ALVARO L.; MIRANDA, THAIS P.; MIGOTTO, ALVARO E.. Revision of the genus Filellum Hincks, 1868 (Lafoeidae, Leptothecata, Hydrozoa). Zootaxa, n. 3129, p. 1-28, DEC 14 2011. (11/50242-5, 10/06927-0, 04/09961-4)

BARDI, JULIANA; MARQUES, ANTONIO CARLOS. The invasive hydromedusae Blackfordia virginica Mayer, 1910 (Cnidaria: Blackfordiidae) in southern Brazil, with comments on taxonomy and distribution of the genus Blackfordia. Zootaxa, n. 2198, p. 41-50, AUG 14 2009. (04/09961-4)

MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; KLOH, ALINE DOS SANTOS; MIGOTTO, ALVARO ESTEVES; CABRAL, ANA C.; RAVEDUTTI RIGO, ANA P.; BETTIM, ARIANE LIMA; RAZZOLINI, EMANUEL L.; CASCON, HELENA MATTHEWS; BARDI, JULIANA; KREMER, LAURA PIOLI; et al. Rapid assessment survey for exotic benthic species in the Sao Sebastiao Channel, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, v. 41, n. 2, SI, p. 265-285, APR 2013. (10/06927-0, 04/09961-4, 08/10619-0)

MIRANDA, LUCILIA S.; MORANDINI, ANDRE C.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Do Staurozoa bloom? A review of stauromedusan population biology. Hydrobiologia, v. 690, n. 1, p. 57-67, JUL 2012. (10/07362-7, 10/50174-7, 04/09961-4)

ALE, EZEQUIEL; RAMSAK, ANDREJA; STANKOVIC, DAVID; MORANDINI, ANDRE CARRARA; MEYER, DIOGO; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Early Pleistocene divergence of Pelagia noctiluca populations (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, v. 99, n. 8, p. 1753-1764, DEC 2019. (04/09961-4, 15/21007-9, 11/50242-5, 13/50484-4)

RODRIGUEZ, CAROLINA S.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; MIANZAN, HERMES W.; TRONOLONE, VALQUIRIA B.; MIGOTTO, ALVARO E.; GENZANO, GABRIEL N.. Environment and life cycles influence distribution patterns of hydromedusae in austral South America. MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH, v. 13, n. 6, p. 659-670, 2017. (12/21583-1, 13/50484-4, 11/50242-5, 04/09961-4)

CUNHA, AMANDA F.; COLLINS, ALLEN G.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Phylogenetic relationships of Proboscoida Broch, 1910 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): Are traditional morphological diagnostic characters relevant for the delimitation of lineages at the species, genus, and family levels?. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 106, p. 118-135, JAN 2017. (11/22260-9, 13/50484-4, 11/50242-5, 13/25874-3, 04/09961-4)

MARONNA, MAXIMILIANO M.; MIRANDA, THAIS P.; CANTERO, ALVARO L. PENA; BARBEITOS, MARCOS S.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, v. 6, JAN 29 2016. (14/24407-5, 13/50484-4, 11/50242-5, 10/06927-0, 04/09961-4)

OLIVEIRA, OTTO M. P.; MIRANDA, THAIS P.; ARAUJO, ENILMA M.; AYON, PATRICIA; CEDENO-POSSO, CRISTINA M.; CEPEDA-MERCADO, AMANCAY A.; CORDOVA, PABLO; CUNHA, AMANDA F.; GENZANO, GABRIEL N.; HADDAD, MARIA ANGELICA; et al. Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa, v. 4194, n. 1, p. 1-256, NOV 18 2016. (13/50484-4, 11/50242-5, 04/09961-4)

MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; HADDAD, JR., VIDAL; RODRIGO, LENORA; MARQUES-DA-SILVA, EMANUEL; MORANDINI, ANDRE C.. Jellyfish (Chrysaora lactea, Cnidaria, Semaeostomeae) aggregations in southern Brazil and consequences of stings in humans. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, v. 42, n. 5, p. 1194-1199, NOV 2014. (10/50174-7, 13/50484-4, 11/50242-5, 04/09961-4)

OTTO MÜLLER PATRÃO DE OLIVEIRA; ANTONIO CARLOS MARQUES; ALVARO ESTEVES MIGOTTO. Chave de identificação dos hidróides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) epifíticos do Canal de São Sebastião (SE, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, v. 6, n. 2, p. 0-0, 2006-00-00. (04/09961-4)

LOVEJOY, NATHAN R.; LESTER, KRISTIE; CRAMPTON, WILLIAM G. R.; MARQUES, FERNANDO P. L.; ALBERT, JAMES S.. Phylogeny, biogeography, and electric signal evolution of Neotropical knifefishes of the genus Gymnotus (Osteichthyes: Gymnotidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 54, n. 1, p. 278-290, JAN 2010. (03/10335-8, 05/01299-3, 04/09961-4)

DA SILVA-NETO, INACIO DOMINGOS; PAIVA, THIAGO DA SILVA; PEDROSO DIAS, ROBERTO JUNIO; CAMPOS, CARLOS JOSE ALEXANDRE; MIGOTTO, ALVARO ESTEVES. Redescription of Licnophora chattoni Villeneuve-Brachon, 1939 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea), associated with Zyzzyzus warreni Calder, 1988 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PROTISTOLOGY, v. 48, n. 1, p. 48-62, JAN 2012. (04/09961-4)

MIRANDA, LUCILIA S.; MORANDINI, ANDRE C.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Taxonomic review of Haliclystus antarcticus Pfeffer, 1889 (Stauromedusae, Staurozoa, Cnidaria), with remarks on the genus Haliclystus Clark, 1863. POLAR BIOLOGY, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1507-1519, OCT 2009. (04/09961-4)

MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; PENA CANTERO, ALVARO L.. Areas of endemism in the Antarctic - a case study of the benthic hydrozoan genus Oswaldella (Cnidaria, Kirchenpaueriidae). Journal of Biogeography, v. 37, n. 4, p. 617-623, APR 2010. (04/09961-4)

SHIMABUKURO‚ V.; MARQUES‚ A.C.. Morphometrical analysis‚ histology‚ and taxonomy of Thyroscyphus ramosus (Cnidaria‚ Hydrozoa) from the coast of Brazil. Zootaxa, v. 1184, p. 29-42, 2006. (04/09961-4)

MENDOZA-BECERRIL, MARIA A.; MARONNA, MAXIMILIANO M.; PACHECO, MIRIAN L. A. F.; SIMOES, MARCELLO G.; LEME, JULIANA M.; MIRANDA, LUCILIA S.; MORANDINI, ANDRE C.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. An evolutionary comparative analysis of the medusozoan (Cnidaria) exoskeleton. ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, v. 178, n. 2, p. 20-pg., 2016-10-01. (04/09961-4, 11/50242-5, 13/50484-4, 09/02312-4, 10/06927-0, 10/50174-7)

MIRANDA, THAIS PIRES; CUNHA, AMANDA FERREIRA; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Taxonomic position of Lovenella gracilis Clarke, 1882 (Lovenellidae, Hydrozoa): new evidences of microanatomy justify its maintenance in the genus Lovenella Hincks, 1868. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, v. 41, n. 2, p. 10-pg., 2013-04-01. (04/09961-4, 10/06927-0)

IMAZU, MAURICIO ANTUNES; ALE, EZEQUIEL; NESTOR GENZANO, GABRIEL; MARQUES, ANTONIO CARLOS. A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa, v. 3753, n. 5, p. 19-pg., 2014-01-09. (04/09961-4, 11/50242-5)

CARTWRIGHT, PAULYN; EVANS, NATHANIEL M.; DUNN, CASEY W.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; MIGLIETTA, MARIA PIA; SCHUCHERT, PETER; COLLINS, ALLEN G.. Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, v. 88, n. 8, p. 10-pg., 2008-12-01. (04/09961-4)

BARDI, JULIANA; MARQUES, ANTONIO CARLOS. The invasive hydromedusae Blackfordia virginica Mayer, 1910 (Cnidaria: Blackfordiidae) in southern Brazil, with comments on taxonomy and distribution of the genus Blackfordia. Zootaxa, v. N/A, n. 2198, p. 10-pg., 2009-08-14. (04/09961-4)

ANTONIO C MARQUES; ALINE DOS SANTOS KLÔH; ALVARO ESTEVES MIGOTTO; ANA C CABRAL; ANA P RAVEDUTTI RIGO; ARIANE LIMA BETTIM; EMANUEL L RAZZOLINI; HELENA MATTHEWS CASCON; JULIANA BARDI; LAURA PIOLI KREMER; et al. Rapid assessment survey for exotic benthic species in the São Sebastião Channel, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, v. 41, n. 2, p. 265-285, 2013-04-00. (04/09961-4, 10/06927-0, 08/10619-0)

THAÍS PIRES-MIRANDA; AMANDA FERREIRA-CUNHA; ANTONIO C MARQUES. Taxonomic position of Lovenella gracilis (Clarke, 1882) (Lovenellidae, Hydrozoa): new evidences of microanatomy justify its maintenance in the genus Lovenella (Hincks, 1868). Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, v. 41, n. 2, p. 286-295, 2013-04-00. (10/06927-0, 04/09961-4)

MENDOZA-BECERRIL, MARIA A.; MARONNA, MAXIMILIANO M.; PACHECO, MIRIAN L. A. F.; SIMOES, MARCELLO G.; LEME, JULIANA M.; MIRANDA, LUCILIA S.; MORANDINI, ANDRE C.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. An evolutionary comparative analysis of the medusozoan (Cnidaria) exoskeleton. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 178, n. 2, p. 206-225, OCT 2016. (09/02312-4, 10/50174-7, 13/50484-4, 11/50242-5, 10/06927-0, 04/09961-4)

MIRANDA, LUCILIA S.; COLLINS, ALLEN G.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Molecules Clarify a Cnidarian Life Cycle - The ``Hydrozoan'' Microhydrula limopsicola Is an Early Life Stage of the Staurozoan Haliclystus antarcticus. PLoS One, v. 5, n. 4, APR 14 2010. (04/09961-4)

CUNHA, AMANDA F.; COLLINS, ALLEN G.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. When morphometry meets taxonomy: morphological variation and species boundaries in Proboscoida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, v. 190, n. 2, p. 417-447, OCT 2020. (17/00641-7, 11/22260-9, 13/50484-4, 11/50242-5, 18/24781-5, 13/25874-3, 04/09961-4)

MARQUES‚ A.C.; CANTERO‚ A.L.P.; MIGOTTO‚ A.E.. An overview of the phylogeny of the families Lafoeidae and Hebellidae (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata): their composition and classification. INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS, v. 20, n. 1, p. 43-58, 2006. (04/09961-4)

VANESSA SHIMABUKURO; ANTONIO C. MARQUES; ALVARO E. MIGOTTO. Fauna de hidrozoários atecados (Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata) da costa do Estado do Ceará, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, v. 6, n. 3, p. 0-0, 2006-00-00. (04/09961-4)

GARCIA-RODRIGUEZ, JIMENA; AMES, CHERYL LEWIS; MARIAN, JOSE EDUARDO A. R.; MARQUES, ANTONIO CARLOS. Gonadal histology of box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) reveals variation between internal fertilizing species Alatina alata (Alatinidae) and Copula sivickisi (Tripedaliidae). Journal of Morphology, v. 279, n. 6, p. 841-856, JUN 2018. (11/50242-5, 04/09961-4)

PERES, RAFAEL; AMARAL, FERNANDA GASPARDO; MARQUES, ANTONIO CARLOS; NETO, JOSE CIPOLLA. Melatonin Production in the Sea Star Echinaster brasiliensis (Echinodermata). BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN, v. 226, n. 2, p. 146-151, APR 2014. (09/51184-9, 09/01128-5, 11/50242-5, 04/09961-4)

MIRANDA, THAIS PIRES; NESTOR GENZANO, GABRIEL; MARQUES, ANTONIO CARLOS. Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa, v. 4033, n. 4, p. 484-506, OCT 27 2015. (14/24407-5, 13/50484-4, 11/50242-5, 10/06927-0, 04/09961-4)

MIRANDA, THAIS P.; CUNHA, AMANDA F.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Status of the names of some hydroid species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), described from the Atlantic coast of Patagonia. Zootaxa, v. 4171, n. 3, p. 595-600, SEP 29 2016. (14/24407-5, 11/22260-9, 13/50484-4, 11/50242-5, 10/06927-0, 04/09961-4)

CUNHA, AMANDA F.; GENZANO, GABRIEL N.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Reassessment of Morphological Diagnostic Characters and Species Boundaries Requires Taxonomical Changes for the Genus Orthopyxis L. Agassiz, 1862 (Campanulariidae, Hydrozoa) and Some Related Campanulariids. PLoS One, v. 10, n. 2, FEB 27 2015. (11/22260-9, 13/50484-4, 11/50242-5, 04/09961-4)

MIRANDA‚ L.S.; COLLINS‚ A.G.; MARQUES‚ A.C.. Molecules clarify a Cnidarian life cycle-the “Hydrozoan” Microhydrula limopsicola is an early life stage of the Staurozoan Haliclystus antarcticus. PLoS One, v. 5, n. 4, p. e10182, 2010. (04/09961-4)

CAMPOS‚ CJ; MARQUES‚ A.C.; MIGOTTO‚ A.E.. A taxonomic revision of the genus Zyzzyzus Stechow‚ 1921 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Tubulariidae). Zootaxa, v. 1627, p. 1-22, 2007. (04/09961-4)

CARTWRIGHT, PAULYN; HALGEDAHL, SUSAN L.; HENDRICKS, JONATHAN R.; JARRARD, RICHARD D.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; COLLINS, ALLEN G.; LIEBERMAN, BRUCE S.. Exceptionally Preserved Jellyfishes from the Middle Cambrian. PLoS One, v. 2, n. 10, p. 1-7, 2007. (04/09961-4)

JULIANA BARDI; ANTONIO C. MARQUES. Redescrição taxonômica da caravela-do-mar, Physalia physalis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Siphonophorae, Cystonectae) do litoral do Brasil. IHERINGIA SERIE ZOOLOGIA, v. 97, n. 4, p. 425-433, 2007-12-00. (04/09961-4)

PEPATO, ALMIR R.; DA ROCHA, CARLOS E. F.; DUNLOP, JASON A.. Phylogenetic position of the acariform mites: sensitivity to homology assessment under total evidence. BMC Evolutionary Biology, v. 10, AUG 2 2010. (05/03458-1, 03/10335-8, 08/06604-7, 05/01299-3, 04/09961-4)

DE CAMPOS, CARLOS JOSE ALEXANDRE; MIGOTTO, ALVARO ESTEVES; PINHEIRO, ULISSES; MARQUES, ANTONIO CARLOS. Sponges as substrata and early life history of the tubulariid Zyzzyzus warreni (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the Sao Sebastiao Channel, Brazil. MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH, v. 8, n. 7, p. 573-583, 2012. (06/05821-9, 11/50242-5, 98/07090-3, 04/09961-4)

MIRANDA, LUCILIA S.; COLLINS, ALLEN G.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Internal Anatomy of Haliclystus antarcticus (Cnidaria, Staurozoa) with a Discussion on Histological Features Used in Staurozoan Taxonomy. Journal of Morphology, v. 274, n. 12, p. 1365-1383, DEC 2013. (11/50242-5, 04/09961-4, 10/07362-7)

THAÍS PIRES MIRANDA; MARIA ANGÉLICA HADDAD; VANESSA SHIMABUKURO; JANETE DUBIASKI-SILVA; ANTONIO CARLOS MARQUES. Fauna de hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) da região de Bombinhas, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, v. 11, n. 3, p. 331-353, 2011-09-00. (10/06927-0, 04/09961-4)

PATRAO DE OLIVEIRA, OTTO MUELLER; MARQUES, ANTONIO CARLOS. Global and local patterns in the use of macrophytes as substrata by hydroids (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata and Leptothecata). MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH, v. 7, n. 8, p. 786-795, 2011. (07/06560-7, 04/09961-4)

RODRIGUEZ, CAROLINA S.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; STAMPAR, SERGIO N.; MORANDINI, ANDRE C.; CHRISTIANSEN, ERNESTO; GENZANO, GABRIEL N.; MIANZAN, HERMES W.. The taxonomic position of the pelagic 'staurozoan' Tessera gemmaria as a ceriantharian larva. Zootaxa, v. N/A, n. 2971, p. 10-pg., 2011-07-20. (04/09961-4)

MARQUES, ANTONIO C.; PENA CANTERO, ALVARO L.; MIRANDA, THAIS P.; MIGOTTO, ALVARO E.. Revision of the genus Filellum Hincks, 1868 (Lafoeidae, Leptothecata, Hydrozoa). Zootaxa, v. N/A, n. 3129, p. 28-pg., 2011-12-14. (04/09961-4, 11/50242-5, 10/06927-0)

MIRANDA, LUCILIA S.; COLLINS, ALLEN G.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Molecules Clarify a Cnidarian Life Cycle - The "Hydrozoan'' Microhydrula limopsicola Is an Early Life Stage of the Staurozoan Haliclystus antarcticus. PLoS One, v. 5, n. 4, p. 9-pg., 2010-04-14. (04/09961-4)

MORANDINI, ANDRE C.; MARQUES, ANTONIO C.. Revision of the genus Chrysaora Peron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Zootaxa, v. N/A, n. 2464, p. 97-pg., 2010-05-14. (04/09961-4)