Investigation of respiratory viruses associated in acute severe respiratory illness during the pandemic influenza period presenting negative results for the influenza A(H1N1) pdm09

• Grant number: 12/21922-0
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• Start date: May 01, 2013
• End date: April 30, 2015
• Field of knowledge: Biological Sciences - Microbiology - Applied Microbiology
• Principal Investigator: Terezinha Maria de Paiva
• Grantee: Terezinha Maria de Paiva
• Host Institution: Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL). Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças (CCD). Secretaria da Saúde (São Paulo - Estado). São Paulo , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections are of importance recognized by their high rates of morbidity and mortality in children and adults constituting a major global health concern (Graham, 2001). The knowledge of the diversity of viruses involved in respiratory tract infection was amplified by molecular a method which in principle was used in the diagnosis of no virus grown in cell culture. The investigation of the etiology of respiratory diseases in patient samples negative for influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3, 4a and 4b; respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus led to the discovery of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) (van den Hoogen, et al. 2001), human coronavirus (HCoV) NL63 (van der Hoek et al. 2004) and HKU1 (Woo et al., 2005), human bocavirus (HBoV Allander et al. 2005), HRC ( Lau et al 2006) and the KI and WU polyomaviruses (Allander et al., 2007; Gaynor et al., 2007), and HRV-QPM (McErlean et al 2007). Due to the emergence of new viruses responsible for respiratory tract infection and its evolving development and use of tests that provide results faster, with higher sensitivity and specificity is crucial in meeting the demand of Public Health Laboratories. The polymerase chain reaction in real-time (RT-PCR in real time) and enables rapid diagnosis presents advantages over conventional PCR since it has higher sensitivity and specificity, reduces risk of contamination steps, allows the quantification Target research and a test that has less runtime (Beck & Henrickson, 2010).During the pandemic influenza virus of total samples suspected of being infected by the new virus 33.7% were positive for A (H1N1) pdm09, 6.6% were positive for seasonal influenza virus. The amount of 60% of the samples collected from individuals with suspected infection with influenza virus type A (H1N1) pdm09, presented negative results for the novel virus. The Respiratory Virus Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Center of the Instituto Adolfo Lutz has the task to investigate the etiology of acute respiratory diseases; thus it is of crucial importance the deployment of panel Polymerase Chain Reaction Real-time (RT-PCR in Real time) towards to investigate other respiratory viruses involved in severe acute respiratory illness during the pandemic period as: respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, 3 and 4, human coronavirus 229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU1, adenovirus, bocavirus, Rhinovirus. The rapid diagnosis of viral etiology is important for antiviral therapy using once depending on the agent identified its administration is effective in the early stage of infection; to identify the true cause of the disease, in order to avoid indiscriminate use of antibiotics often prescribed for individuals infected by respiratory viruses; to the knowledge of the natural history of the virus and its physiopathology contributing to the understanding of the possible complications that can occur depending on the characteristics of the infection, while minimizing the spread for quarantine, as the information prevents unnecessary isolation uninfected individuals. Knowledge of the epidemiology of respiratory viruses is enhanced by rapid diagnosis of viral etiology. Epidemiological studies judicious allow the identification of the population at risk for the identified agent and helps in the selection of the population to be vaccinated (Templeton, 2007). The rapid diagnosis of viral decrease hospitalization time and unnecessary laboratory tests (Woo et al 1997, Henrickson, 2007). (AU)