Abstract
The use of assisted reproduction techniques presents an alternative to solve reproductive problems in domestic species and humans. However, there is concern that epigenetic changes occurring during in vitro culture adversely affect tissue programing during fetal development and could lead to a higher pre-disposition to develop heart diseases, reproductive problems, and development of tumors, in adulthood. Epigenetic changes are regulated by DNA methylation, posttranscriptional histone modifications or microRNAs. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that regulates gene expression during different tissue developing processes. Recently, cell-secreted vesicles called exosomes and microvesicles carrying bioactive materials including miRNAs were identified in different body fluids. Cell-secreted vesicles are considered a new class of intercellular communication with possible implications in different physiological processes. However, its role during oocyte maturation and embryo development is not well understood. Our main hypothesis that will be tested is that cell-secreted vesicles containing miRNAs originating from the reproductive tract modulate epigenetic changes during in vitro culture of gametes and embryos. In order to test this hypothesis cell-secreted vesicles will be isolated from follicular fluid and oviductual cells culture media and added to the oocyte maturation and embryo culture media. The first aim of this project is to determine the relationship between miRNAs and epigenetic changes during oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro. The second aim of this project is to determine the effects exerted by vesicles secreted by reproductive tract cells on oocyte maturation rates, fertilization and embryo cleavage. The third aim of this proposal is to determine the role of cell-secreted vesicles and miRNAs in oocyte maturation and production of bovine embryos in high and low oxygen tension. Results obtained in this research will establish the role of cell-secreted vesicles by the reproductive tract in regulating epigenetic changes acquired during in vitro culture of oocytes and embryos, generating new therapeutic tools for domestic agriculture species and humans. (AU)
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