Abstract
This project studies patterns of consumption of ultra-processed foods and their influence on the dietary nutrient profile and the risk of obesity in seven countries. The study is coordinated by NUPENS/USP and counts with research teams in each country. It involves the analysis of food intake data (24 h recalls or food registries) and weight and height measurements collected by national probabilistic household surveys undertaken in Brazil (n=34,003 individuals aged 10 y and plus), Colombia (n=37,211, 0-64 y), Chile (n=4,920, e 2 y), United States (n=19,903, all ages), Canada (n=35,107, all ages), United Kingdom (n=6,828, all ages), and Australia (n=12,153 e 2 y). Food items will be classified as ultra-processed when they refer to industrial formulations made of substances extracted from foods or synthetized from food substrates or other organic sources, with no or little whole food - concept developed at NUPENS/USP and increasingly used in the international scientific literature, the development of national dietary guidelines and proposals of regulatory policies). In each country, and in the seven countries taken together, cross-sectional associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods, dietary nutrient profile and obesity status will be studied with the control of potential confounding factors. Procedures to detect and control reversal causality will be applied in the case of obesity. In Brazil, the associations will be tested also longitudinally on three cohorts of individuals born in 1982 (n=5,914), in 1993 (n=5,249) and in 2004 (n=4,231). (AU)
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