Study of proteins p53 and Ki-67 through the techniques of immunohistochemistry and tissue micro-arrays (TMA) in patients operated on for prostate Cancer in HC FMB UNESP the period 1980 to 2000: correlation of clinical data and survival

• Grant number: 11/11636-8
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: December 01, 2011
• End date: July 31, 2013
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Medicine - Pathological Anatomy and Clinical Pathology
• Principal Investigator: Flávio de Oliveira Lima
• Grantee: Guilherme Palhares Aversa Santos
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Medicina (FMB). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Botucatu. Botucatu , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Prostate Cancer, among urological cancers, is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in Western populations and the population of South and Southeast regions of Brazil (MINISTRY OF HEALTH, http:// www. Datasus.gov.br), constitutes the most common in men. By ignoring skin cancer, cancer becomes more common in this genre and the second leading cause of male cancer mortality, behind only lung cancer. Its incidence has been increasing steadily in recent decades due to increased life expectancy, the Western lifestyle, improve quality of the information systems of the country, and the detection of neoplasia in ever earlier stages, because of advances in diagnostic methods. The incidence of prostate cancer in Brazil in 2010 was 52,350 new cases. Besides being the most prevalent in the male population and the sixth most common cancer in the world, this cancer already accounts for 10% of cancers. In Brazil overall, in most patients who are diagnosed with prostate cancer, demand is when the doctor has some symptoms, which usually is associated with a longer duration of tumor progression. The early detection of cancer through prevention, by routine screening such as digital rectal examination and PSA, is still small. In addition, total PSA and Gleason score are prognostic factors that are not classified perfectly survival of patients with localized prostate cancer, which accounts for 69.4% of such cancers diagnosed in the state of Sao Paulo by the Single Health Therefore the identification of tumor markers to aid in determining the biological behavior of cancer in terms of aggressiveness, and contribute to the establishment of prognosis, can significantly contribute, together with the clinical data of patients with PSA and Gleason score, for the conduct adopted and effective therapy in the treatment of prostate carcinoma. In the identification of markers, we have highlighted the use of the technique of Tissue Array Matrix or Tissue Microarray, described in 1998 by Kononen et al. This is the construction of a paraffin block containing cylindrical fragments of tumor tissue samples obtained from tens or hundreds of original paraffin blocks. Cylinder tissue/tumor receivers are arranged in the block following a predetermined order. The paraffin block with hundreds of tumor samples ordered and powerful tools for pathology researchers applied. Files in tumor tissue of Pathology services are a potential source of valuable research material because they contain non-tumor and tumor tissue stored in paraffin used in the diagnosis and staging of disease in these patients. Recent advances in molecular biology, genomics, and proteomics are used as substrate/source of study materials, preferably fresh or frozen tissue, which is considered the formaldehyde fixation and paraffin embedding as a serious limitation to the use of this material until recently restricted to the technique of immunohistochemistry. But this process is routinely used worldwide and provides a file storage tissue easily and inexpensively at room temperature for decades, histopathologically well defined, classified, and diagnosed. Today this material is the object of developing techniques and technologies for its use in cutting-edge areas of biomedical research. Moreover, this material has associated clinical information from medical records and of the disease that makes them a potential source for the study of biological markers of survival and pathogenesis research. The great obstacle to the use of this material in biomedical research is the lack of clinical information and patient survival. The recovery of old data files is not routinely reported, what do we do in our project also.(AU)