Pro-osteogenic effect of Cane-CPI5 phytocystatin on the repair of critical bone defects in mouse calvarias.

• Grant number: 24/01054-1
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: April 01, 2024
• End date: March 31, 2025
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Dentistry - Periodontology
• Principal Investigator: Joni Augusto Cirelli
• Grantee: Isabela Mendes Pazello
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Odontologia (FOAr). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Araraquara. Araraquara , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Intraoral bone defects comprise clinical conditions caused by different factors, including periodontitis and peri-implantitis. These are chronic inflammatory diseases associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, which affect periodontal and peri-implant tissues, resulting in progressive loss of supporting bone. The use of natural products for the treatment of intraoral pathological conditions has become a growing target of studies. Phytocystatins are derived from different plants, presenting cysteine protease inhibitory activity. In addition to inhibiting cysteine cathepsins, some studies demonstrate that cystatins may have a pro-osteogenic effect. Among the isolated phytocystatins, we highlight CaneCPI-5, or canacystatin, derived from sugar cane.The objective of the present study will be to evaluate the pro-osteogenic effect of the phytocystatin CaneCPI-5 on bone repair of critical defects induced in the calvaria of mice, treated with 3D PCL scaffolds incorporating CaneCPI-5. 32 BALB/C mice will be used, randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: Control group 1 (calvarial defect without treatment), Control group 2 (calvarial defect + scaffold + vehicle gel), Positive control group (calvarial defect + scaffold + BMP2) and treatment group (calvarial defect + scaffold + CaneCPI-5). Microtomographic and histological analyzes will be carried out to evaluate bone formation in the areas of defects. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis will be performed to identify and localize proteins related to osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation. Appropriate statistical tests will be used for comparisons between groups and a significance level of 5% will be adopted to make a decision regarding the validity of the tested hypothesis.