Application of green coffee oil in cosmetic formulations: evaluation of stability and photoprotective efficacy

Author(s)

Tais Aleriana Lucon Wagemaker

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2013-07-04

Examining board members

Patricia Maria Berardo Gonçalves Maia Campos; Maria Jose Vieira Fonseca; Luis Alexandre Pedro de Freitas; Guilherme Martins Gelfuso

• Advisor: Patricia Maria Berardo Gonçalves Maia Campos

Abstract

Coffee oil is a mixture of lipophilic ingredients rich in essential fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid. Due to its rich composition and high unsaponifiable matter content, the coffee oil extracted from unroasted coffee beans presents important cosmetic properties such as emolliency, moisturizing and UVB radiation protective effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop stable cosmetic formulations containing coffee oil and to evaluate their safety and photoprotective efficacy. For this, several combinations of cosmetic raw materials were used to prepare emulsions and gel creams. The formulations that did not suffer phase separation in centrifugation tests and did not present changes in pH and organoleptic characteristics, were chosen for evaluation of rheological behavior and liquid crystal presence during 90 days. The formulations composed by cethearyl alcohol and ceteareth-20 were the most stable and presented the highest sun protection factor (SPF). The formulations containing 5 and 10% of coffee oil optimized these two parameters: stability and SPF. The formulations containing coffee oil and the vehicle were applied on the dorsum of the animals once a day for 5 days as a treatment. After this period, the animals were irradiated. On the irradiated local, transepidermal water loss measurements were lower on the region where the formulations containing coffee oil were applied. The sunburn cells number analyzed by histological tests was also significantly lower for the groups treated with coffee oil formulations comparing to the untreated group which indicates that the coffee oil was able to protect the epidermis against the deleterious effects of UV radiation. This photoprotective effect could be due to as high amount of unsaponifiable matter that are able to absorb UVB radiation as high concentration of essential fatty acids that can help in recovering, balance and keeping of skin barrier. In terms of safety assays, the brine shrimp, MTT reduction in keratinocyte cell culture and clinical assays showed that the developed formulations are devoid of considerable toxicity in these experimental conditions. Finally, the sensory properties evaluation were performed using two panels: one in Portugal and other in Brazil. The majority of volunteers perceived smooth and moisturized skin after applying coffee oil formulations in both countries. In Lisbon, the majority of volunteers also perceived an oily film on skin, which can be a positive effect taking into account the use of developed formulations in cold countries and dry skin. Thus, we concluded that the developed formulations were stable, safe and showed efficacy in keeping the cutaneous barrier balance as well as protecting the skin against UV radiation effects. This indicates that the coffee oil highlights among the cosmetic ingredients used in moisturizers and sunscreens due to its multifunctional important and desirable properties for cosmetic industry and consumers such as: hydration, skin barrier improvement and photoprotective effects. This indicates that the coffee oil is a multifunctional active ingredient and has desirable properties for cosmetic industry and consumers such as: emollience, hydration, skin barrier improvement and photoprotective effects. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 09/14031-0 - Application of coffee oil in cosmetic formulations: evaluation of stability and effectiveness of sunscreen
• Grantee: Tais Aleriana Lucon Wagemaker
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate