Contribution to technological research of the microbial studies done at program BIOTA FAPESP: evaluation of anaerobic Pentachlorophenol (PCP) biodegradation in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor

Author(s)

Flávia Talarico Saia

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Carlos. , ilustrações.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC/SBD)
• Defense date: 2005-07-01

Examining board members

Rosana Filomena Vazoller; Maria do Carmo Calijuri; Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Damianovic; Gilson Paulo Manfio; Vivian Helena Pellizari

• Advisor: Rosana Filomena Vazoller
• Field of knowledge: Engineering - Sanitary Engineering
• Indexed in: Banco de Dados Bibliográficos da USP-DEDALUS; Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações - USP
• Location: Universidade de São Paulo. Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos; EESC/TESE 5040

Abstract

This study has an innovative character, once aimed to evaluate the biotechnological application of anaerobic microorganisms degrading pentachlorophenol (PCP) at a severely polluted area in Brazil, estuary of Santos-São Vicente, São Paulo state. This study integrated a group of researches of the sub-project - Diversity of Bacteria Associated to the Degradation of Recalcitrant Compounds, supported by major project BIOTA FAPESP which theme is Molecular Ecology and Polyphasic Taxonomy of Bacteria of Environmental and Agriculture-Industrial Interest. The fundamental question to be answered by the accomplished experimental results was: are the autochthonus microorganisms of the estuary capable of serving as inoculum to degrade the PCP in bioreactors under methanogenic conditions? In order to evaluate this hypothesis, two groups of samples were collected: sediments taken from several sites of the estuary and sediments taken from two sites, one severely contaminated with organochlorine compounds, in front of the São Paulo Metallurgical Company (COSIPA) and other, less contaminated, in the area of Canéus. The establishment of protocol for the PCP and less chlorinated compounds chromatographic determination showed that the extraction method by ultrosonication followed by metilation of the chlorinated compounds was appropriated to evaluate concentrations of 200 ug chlorophenol/Kg of sediment, 2,3; 2,6 dichlorophenols; 2,4,6 and 2,3,6 trichlorophenols. However, it was not appropriated for evaluation of PCP and 2,3,4 trichlorophenol. For the culture medium, the extraction method by vortex agitation followed by acetilation was appropriated for all of the chlorophenols compounds. The quantification limit was 0,1 mg/L. The evaluation of the methanogenic potential and PCP biodegradation was accomplished with the samples of the estuary enriched under halophylic conditions. In the experiments without PCP was possible to obtain cultures of Methanosarcina sp, identified by FISH technique and cells of domain Bacteria, identified by DGGE. In the experiment with PCP dehalogenated cultures were not obtained. To evaluate PCP anaerobic biodegradation by sediments of COSIPA and Caneus sites, sediments collected under anaerobic conditions by a corer device were enriched in a halophylic brine medium with glucose and PCP at concentration of 2.5 mg PCP/g VTS. Periodic additions of 50% of the initial concentration of PCP and 1.25 to 2.5 g/L of glucose were done. With this strategy was possible to obtain PCP dehalogenated cultures. The adsorption was the main mechanism of 50% of PCP removal in the first 12 hours of incubation. The PCP reduction of 77% for Caneus reactor and 70% for COSIPA reactor was related to anaerobic biodegradation. Microscopic exams showed selection of microorganisms, with predominance of cells related to Clostridium sp., and filaments related to methanogenic acetoclastic archaea Methanosaeta sp. chlorophenols volatilization was not observed. The biotechnological application of HAIB reactor in PCP biodegradation was evaluated using sediment of COSIPA site previously enriched with glucose. The reactor was operated by 126 days and hydraulic detention time of 18 hours, with saline brine medium containing glucose (1 g/L) and NaPCP in concentrations of 5, 13, 15 and 21 mg/L. PCP amendments did not affect the overall performance and functional stability of the process. COD and PCP reduction was close to 80% and 100%, respectively with detection of trichlorophenols and dichlorophenols. Percentage of methane in the biogas closed to 30%. Adsorption analyses demonstrated that 287 mg of PCP was removed by adsorption in the biofilm and 825 mg was removed by biodegradation. Biofilm DGGE-profiling showed the presence of specific bands of Bacteria and Archaea domains when PCP was amended. The appearance of new bands of Bacteria showed that this organisms had a direct influence at PCP dehalogentation. Archaea organisms of Methanosarcinaceae family had an indirect influence in this metabolism. This thesis demonstrated that HAIB reactors, using autochthonous microorganisms under halophylic and methanogenic conditions, are a potential alternative for organochlorines bioremediation (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 00/08323-3 - Contribution to the technological exploitation of the microbial studies carried out at the BIOTA-FAPESP Program: potential evaluation of the anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in an horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor innoculated with sediments from the Santos-São Vicente Estuary (State of Sâo Paulo)
• Grantee: Flávia Talarico Saia
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate