Productive performance and growth analysis of Cynodon grasses in response to frequency of defoliation

Author(s)

Valdson José da Silva

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Piracicaba.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC)
• Defense date: 2012-07-19

Examining board members

Luiz Gustavo Nussio; Jose Carlos Batista Dubeux Junior; Ana Cláudia Ruggieri

• Advisor: Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira

Abstract

In Brazil, forage production is key because it is the main feed resource used to feed the largest commercial cattle herd in the world. Thus, it is essential to know the management factors that influence forage production, and that can be uses in decision-making within the production system. However, for some forages, suchas grasses of the genus Cynodon, technical and scientific information are still scarce in tropical regions, especially for recentlyintroduced genotypes, such as Jiggs and Vaquero bermudagrasses. This narrows the range of opportunity for efficient use of these materials, since differences between Cynodons, for subtle they are, suggest the need forgenotype-specific management so that each grass can be used to its full potential. The study of forages harvested under different frequencies of defoliation can help differentiate yield potential and best utilization methods of species and cultivars under such managements if they are established from information on the ecophysiological limits resulting from the management proposed. The objective of this study was to describe and explain productive, morphological and structural traits, Tifton 85, Jiggs and Vaquero bermudagrasses, and growth patterns of Tifton 85 and Jiggs bermudagrasses in response to frequencies of defoliation (every 14, 28 and 42 days). The trial was carried out at Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\", USP, in Piracicaba - SP, from December 21, 2010 through December 21, 2011. A completely randomized design was used with a factorial arrangement, with four replications. Responses measured included total and seasonal yield, plant-part composition of the forage harvested and canopy characteristics, pre-harvest sward height, LAI and light interception of Tifton 85, Jiggs and Vaquero bermudagrasses. Growth analysis was also performed on Tifton 85 and Jiggs bermudagrasses, including crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), morphological characteristics and harvest efficiency (HE). In spring and summer, Jiggs bermudagrass is as productive as Tifton 85, but Tifton 85 forage is leafier. Under the 42-d frequency Jiggs is more productive than the other cultivars for total forage production (25.96 Mg MS ha-1), but is similar to Tifton 85 at the frequency of 28 days (16.64 Mg MS ha-1). For optimal forage production and leaf / stem ratio, in summer and spring, Jiggs and Tifton 85 should be harvested every 28 days, and Vaquero every 42 days. Vaquero has a less pronounced seasonal growth, mainly because poor forage production in spring and summer. Regardless of the clipping frequency, Jiggs had great net assimilation rate (NAR) (10.56 g m2 day-1). Plant-part composition and canopy structure make for high relative growth rates (RGR) of Jiggs, similar to that of Tifton 85 in spring and summer. Grasses with similar level of production in the growing season may have important differences in canopy structure and growth rates, indicating that the use of non-specific management practices in Cynodons can affect the productive potential and the morphological characteristics of the forage harvested. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/13892-9 - Productive performance and growth analysis Cynodon grasses: assembling a dataset for studies on growth modeling
• Grantee: Valdson José da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master