Abstract
The biocide Sea-Nine (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) has been widely used as active principle in third generation antifouling paints, since the Tributyltin (TBT) based coatings were banned. There are few studies on the toxicity of the Sea-Nine to non-target organisms as well as its ecological risks; moreover, its mechanisms of action (at cellular and biochemical levels) are…