Abstract
Apocynaceae (Gentianales) has at least 415 genera and 4555 species distributed in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. It is currently recognized five subfamilies based on floral traits. The most basal groups are nested in the Rauvolfioideae subfamily that is considered a paraphyletic group in phylogenetic studies. The Rauvolfioideae floral characters have been classified as ta…