Abstract
Envenomation by lancehead snakes (genus Bothrops) is characterized by cardiovascular effects (coagulopathy, systemic hemorrhage, hypotension/shock and acute kidney injury) mediated by enzymes such as L-amino acid oxidases, C-type lectins, serine proteinases, metalloproteinases and phospholipases A2 (PLA2), with the some of the latter acting as b-neurotoxins to cause presynaptic neuromuscu…