Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most common urinary system. Although the most frequent form is non-invasive, many of these cases evolve to invasive form. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme expressed at sites where immunomodulation is required, including the maternal-fetal interface, where the presence of IDO protects the semihalogen embryo. Because IDO is expressed in some ca…