Evolutionary Relationships and Cytotaxonomy Considerations in the Genus Pyrrhulina (Characiformes, Lebiasinidae)

Author(s)

Rosa de Moraes, Renata Luiza ^[1] ; Carlos Bertollo, Luiz Antonio ^[1] ; Ferreira Marinho, Manoela Maria ^[2] ; Yano, Cassia Fernanda ^[1] ; Hatanaka, Terumi ^[1] ; Barby, Felipe Faix ^[1] ; Troy, Waldo Pinheiro ^[3] ; Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Carlos UFSCar, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, CP 676, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo MZUSP, Museu Zool, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Estado Mato Grosso, Dept Ciencias Biol, Campus Tangara da Serra, Tangara Da Serra - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ZEBRAFISH; v. 14, n. 6, p. 536-546, DEC 2017.
• Web of Science Citations: 13

Abstract

Although fishes exhibit the greatest biodiversity among the vertebrates, a large percentage of this fauna is still underexplored on evolutionary cytogenetic questions, particularly the miniature species. The Lebiasinidae family is a particular example for such case. This study is the first one presenting differential cytogenetic methods, such as C-banding, repetitive DNAs mapping, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and whole chromosome painting in lebiasinid species. Pyrrhulina australis and Pyrrhulina aff. australis were deeply investigated concerning their chromosomal patterns and evolutionary relationships. These species have a very similar morphology, but they can be distinguished by a longitudinal midlateral faintly dark stripe exclusive for Pyrrhulina aff. australis. Both species presented 2n=40 chromosomes (4st +36a), without heteromorphic sex chromosomes. However, despite their morphological and karyotype resemblance, it was evidenced that both species have already gone through a significant genomic divergence, thus corresponding to distinct evolutionary units. Furthermore, to give additional support to some proposals on evolutionary relationship among Lebiasinidae with other fish families, a chromosomal comparative approach with Erythrinus erythrinus, a representative species of the Erythrinidae family, was also performed. In addition to have similar karyotype structure, mainly composed by acrocentric chromosomes, both species share uncommon genomic similarities, such as (i) syntenic location of 5S and 18S rDNA sequences; (ii) huge dispersion of multiple 5S rDNA sites in the karyotypes; and (iii) complex association between 5S rDNA and Rex3 elements. CGH experiments, despite reinforcing some shared genomic homologies, also highlighted that both Pyrrhulina and Erythrinus have a range of nonoverlapping species-specific signals. The overall chromosomal data proved to be effective markers for the cytotaxonomy and evolutionary process among Lebiasinidae fishes. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/21411-7 - Karyotype and Sex Chromosomes Evolution in Neotropical Fishes. Part II.
• Grantee: Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/11911-7 - Heterochrony and miniaturization: a comparative study of ontogeny in the Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes)
• Grantee: Manoela Maria Marinho Koh
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 15/26322-0 - Evolutionary relationships of the Erythrinidae family (Teleostei, Characiformes) I. comparative cytogenetics in Lebiasinidae, with focus in the genus Pyrrhulina
• Grantee: Renata Luiza Rosa de Moraes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation