Omega-3 PUFA and aspirin as adjuncts to periodontal debridement in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Randomized clinical trial

Author(s)

Castro dos Santos, Nidia C. ^{[1, 2, 3]} ; Andere, Naira M. R. B. ^{[1, 4]} ; Araujo, Cassia F. ^{[1, 4]} ; de Marco, Andrea C. ^{[1, 4]} ; Kantarci, Alpdogan ^[2] ; Van Dyke, Thomas E. ^[2] ; Santamaria, Mauro P. ^{[1, 4]}

Affiliation

^[1] Unesp Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Sci & Technol, Div Periodont, Ave Engn Francisco Jose Longo 777, BR-12245000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Forsyth Inst, Ctr Clin & Translat Res, Cambridge, MA - USA

^[3] Univ Guarulhos, Dent Res Div, Guarulhos, SP - Brazil

^[4] Castro dos Santos, Nidia C., Univ Guarulhos, Dent Res Div, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.Castro dos Santos, Nidia C., Unesp Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Sci & Technol, Div Periodont, Ave Engn Francisco Jose Longo 777, BR-12245000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Journal of Periodontology; v. 91, n. 10 JUN 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

Background Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) and low-dose aspirin (ASA) have been proposed as a host modulation regimen to control chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and immunological impact of orally administered omega-3 PUFA and ASA as adjuncts to periodontal debridement for the treatment of periodontitis in patients type 2 diabetes. Methods Seventy-five patients (n = 25/group) were randomly assigned to receive placebo and periodontal debridement (CG), omega-3 PUFA + ASA (3 g of fish oil/d + 100 mg ASA/d for 2 months)afterperiodontal debridement (test group {[}TG]1), or omega-3 PUFA + ASA (3 g of fish oil/d + 100 mg ASA/d for 2 months)beforeperiodontal debridement (TG2). Periodontal parameters and GCF were collected at baseline (t0), 3 months after periodontal debridement and omega-3 PUFA + ASA or placebo for TG1 and CG (t1), after omega-3 PUFA + ASA (before periodontal debridement) for TG2 (t1), and 6 months after periodontal debridement (all groups) (t2). GCF was analyzed for cytokine levels by multiplex ELISA. Results Ten patients (40%) in TG1 and nine patients (36%) in TG2 achieved the clinical endpoint for treatment (less than or equal to four sites with probing depth >= 5 mm), as opposed to four (16%) in CG. There was clinical attachment gain in moderate and deep pockets for TG1. IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-8 levels decreased over time for both test groups. IL-6 levels were lower for TG1. HbA1c levels reduced for TG1. Conclusion Adjunctive omega-3 and ASA after periodontal debridement provides clinical and immunological benefits to the treatment of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/02234-7 - Effect of É-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids plus low dose of aspirin daily supplementation as adjunctive to full-mouth ultrasonic debridement for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients. Superiority randomized clinical trial
• Grantee: Nidia Cristina Castro dos Santos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 17/21136-9 - Immunological actions of daily supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids plus low-dose aspirin as an adjunct to periodontal debridement for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes
• Grantee: Nidia Cristina Castro dos Santos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate