Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and QuEChERS evaluation for the analysis of antibiotics in agricultural soils

Author(s)

da Silva, Josiel Jose ^[1] ; da Silva, Bianca Ferreira ^[1] ; Stradiotto, Nelson Ramos ^{[1, 2]} ; Petrovic, Mira ^{[3, 4, 5]} ; Gago-Ferrero, Pablo ^{[4, 5]} ; Gros, Meritxell ^{[4, 5]}

Affiliation

^[1] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Inst Chem, BR-14800060 Araraquara, SP - Brazil

^[2] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Bioenergy Res Inst IPBEN, BR-14800060 Araraquara, SP - Brazil

^[3] Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies ICREA, Barcelona - Spain

^[4] Catalan Inst Water Res ICRA, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003 - Spain

^[5] Univ Girona, Girona - Spain

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: METHODSX; v. 7, 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Vinasse, a liquid waste which originates from the production of ethanol fuel from sugarcane, has been widely used as soil amendment in Brazil. An important concern that arises from vinasse reuse is the dissemination of antibiotics to the environment through crop soils. This work evaluated the performance of Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) to extract several multipleclass antibiotics, such as cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, ionophores, lincosamides, macrolides, quinolones, streptogramin, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and others, from agricultural soils. The performance of several parameters was evaluated for both PLE and QuEChERS, such as the extraction temperature (for PLE), solvents composition, pH and the addition of EDTA. Both methods were able to extract most target antibiotics. However, QuEChERS showed higher recoveries for macrolides and nitroimidazoles, while PLE was more suitable for fluoroquinolones and ionophores (i.e. monensin). The use of citrate-phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, in combination with methanol for PLE and with acetonitrile for QuEChERS, provided the highest antibiotic recoveries for both methods. The use of EDTA did not increase antibiotic recovery rates for QuEChERS, while the temperature had almost no influence on the extraction efficiency in PLE. Citrate-phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 provided higher antibiotic recoveries for QuEChERS and PLE. The combination buffer-methanol provided higher recoveries for PLE. QuEChERS and PLE methods were able to extract most of the target antibiotics. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/06352-4 - Antibiotics in fuel ethanol production: analysis, dispersion in the environment and effects on vinasse biodigestion
• Grantee: Josiel José da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 18/15739-5 - Vinasse as soil amendment: assessment of soil and groundwater contamination
• Grantee: Josiel José da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate