Alterations in pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators are involved in microvascular dysfunction in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Author(s)

Jarrete, A. P. ; Giollo-Junior, L. T. ; Vilela-Martin, J. F. ; Novais, I. P. ; Delbin, M. A. ; Zanesco, A.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research; v. 55, n. 1, p. 8-pg., 2022-01-01.

Abstract

Evidence has shown that women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a greater risk of cardiovascular complications compared with men, but this sex difference is not clearly understood. This study assessed the microvascular function and circulatory biomarkers in postmenopausal women (PMW) with T2DM compared with diabetic men and their non-diabetic counterparts. Sixty participants were divided into nondiabetic PMW, PMW with T2DM, non-diabetic men, and diabetic men. Microvascular function was assessed using non-invasive equipment (EndoPAT (R)) and reported as reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters were also measured. Two-way ANOVA was performed using sex (women or men) and T2DM (non-diabetic and diabetic) as the two factors. RHI impairment (1.97 +/- 0.14) was detected in diabetic PMW compared with women without T2DM (2.5 +/- 0.13) accompanied by lower adiponectin levels (T2DM: 9.3 +/- 1.2 and CTL: 13.8 +/- 1.8 ug/mL, P <0.05). An increase in the NE-carboxymethyllysine (CML), nitrate/nitrite, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were observed in diabetic PMW compared to the other groups. Although a poor glycemia control was seen in diabetic men, neither RHI nor circulatory biomarkers were affected by T2DM. Multiple linear regression stratified by sex and T2DM identified some variables with RHI only in PMW with T2DM: HbA1c (P=0.003), body mass index (P=0.029), CML (P=0.032), and CRP (P=0.006). Diabetic PMW were more susceptible to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia than men, showing microvascular dysfunction with high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (CML and CRP) and a lower adiponectin concentration. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/13343-0 - Interaction between the presence of APO-E4, plasma biomarkers and the practice of physical activity on cognitive function in older population from Baixada Santista
• Grantee: Angelina Zanesco
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 16/16351-5 - Coronary function in type 1 diabetic female rats: the effects of treatment with inhibitors of advanced glycation end-products (ages) and protein kinase c beta (PKC-beta)
• Grantee: Maria Andréia Delbin
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants