Host-shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases: Experimental approaches using Drosophila-virus interactions

Autor(es)

Pimentel, Andre C. ^[1] ; Beraldo, Camila S. ^{[1, 2]} ; Cogni, Rodrigo ^[1]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Ecol, Rua Metao 321, Trav 14, Cid Univ, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Helsinki, Organismal & Evolutionary Biol Res Program, Helsinki - Finland

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; v. 44, n. 1, 1 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 1

Resumo

Host shifts, when a cross-species transmission of a pathogen can lead to successful infections, are the main cause of emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. A complex challenge faced by the scientific community is to address the factors that determine whether the cross-species transmissions will result in spillover or sustained onwards infections. Here we review recent literature and present a perspective on current approaches we are using to understand the mechanisms underlying host shifts. We highlight the usefulness of the interactions between Drosophila species and viruses as an ideal study model. Additionally, we discuss how cross-infection experiments - when pathogens from a natural reservoir are intentionally injected in novel host species-can test the effect cross-species transmissions may have on the fitness of virus and host, and how the host phylogeny may influence this response. We also discuss experiments evaluating how cooccurrence with other viruses or the presence of the endosymbiont bacteria Wolbachia may affect the performance of new viruses in a novel host. Finally, we discuss the need of surveys of virus diversity in natural populations using next-generation sequencing technologies. In the long term, these approaches can contribute to a better understanding of the basic biology of host shifts. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 15/08307-3 - Evolução de resistência a vírus em D. melanogaster: efeito do endossimbionte Wolbachia e de polimorfismos no gene pastrel em um experimento de seleção
• Beneficiário: Rodrigo Cogni
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Pesquisa
• Processo FAPESP: 17/11774-8 - Modelos filogenéticos mistos e interação parasita-hospedeiro: implicações da filogenia do hospedeiro na aptidão das espécies interagentes
• Beneficiário: Camila Souza Beraldo
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Mestrado
• Processo FAPESP: 16/09934-4 - Influência da história evolutiva do hospedeiro na aptidão do parasita e do hospedeiro: um estudo de caso de drosofilídeos e vírus a de Drosophila
• Beneficiário: Camila Souza Beraldo
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Mestrado
• Processo FAPESP: 13/25991-0 - Ecologia genômica de insetos: adaptações ao clima e evolução de interações ecológicas
• Beneficiário: Rodrigo Cogni
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Jovens Pesquisadores