Carbon and Beyond: The Biogeochemistry of Climate in a Rapidly Changing Amazon

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Covey, Kristofer ^[1] ; Soper, Fiona ^{[2, 3]} ; Pangala, Sunitha ^[4] ; Bernardino, Angelo ^[5] ; Pagliaro, Zoe ^[1] ; Basso, Luana ^[6] ; Cassol, Henrique ^[7] ; Fearnside, Philip ^[8] ; Navarrete, Diego ^[9] ; Novoa, Sidney ^[10] ; Sawakuchi, Henrique ^[11] ; Lovejoy, Thomas ; Marengo, Jose ^[12] ; Peres, Carlos A. ^{[13, 14]} ; Baillie, Jonathan ^[15] ; Bernasconi, Paula ^[16] ; Camargo, Jose ; Freitas, Carolina ^[17] ; Hoffman, Bruce ^[18] ; Nardoto, Gabriela B. ^[19] ; Nobre, Ismael ^[20] ; Mayorga, Juan ^[21] ; Mesquita, Rita ; Pavan, Silvia ^[22] ; Pinto, Flavia ^[23] ; Rocha, Flavia ^[24] ; de Assis Mello, Ricardo ^[25] ; Thuault, Alice ^[16] ; Bahl, Alexis Anne ^[15] ; Elmore, Aurora ^[15]

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^[1] Skidmore Coll, Environm Studies & Sci Program, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 - USA

^[2] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ - Canada

^[3] McGill Univ, Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ - Canada

^[4] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster - England

^[5] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Oceanog, Vitoria, ES - Brazil

^[6] Natl Inst Space Res, Earth Syst Sci Ctr CCST, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais INEP, Sao Jose Dos Campos - Brazil

^[7] Natl Inst Space Res, Remote Sensing Div, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Sensoriamento Remoto, Sao Jose Dos Campos - Brazil

^[8] Natl Inst Res Amazonia Inst Nacl Pesquisas, Natl Inst Res Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas - Brazil

^[9] Nature Conservancy, Bogota - Colombia

^[10] Asociac Conservac Cuenca Amazon, Lima - Peru

^[11] Linkoping Univ, Dept Themat Studies Environm Change, Linkoping - Sweden

^[12] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 - USA

^[13] Natl Ctr Monitoring & Early Warning Nat Disasters, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[14] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk - England

^[15] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC - USA

^[16] Inst Ctr Vida ICV, Cuiaba - Brazil

^[17] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais INPE, Coordenacao Geral Observacao, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[18] Amazon Conservat Team Suriname Program, Paramaribo - Suriname

^[19] Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Brasilia, DF - Brazil

^[20] Univ Estadual Campinas, Amazon Third Way Project, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[21] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 - USA

^[22] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Coordenacao Zool, Belem, Para - Brazil

^[23] Nature Conservancy, Brasilia, DF - Brazil

^[24] Fed Rural Univ Rio Janeiro, Inst Forests, Dept Environm Sci, UFRRJ, Seropedica - Brazil

^[25] World Wide Fund Nat WWF, Brasil, DF - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE; v. 4, MAR 11 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

The Amazon Basin is at the center of an intensifying discourse about deforestation, land-use, and global change. To date, climate research in the Basin has overwhelmingly focused on the cycling and storage of carbon (C) and its implications for global climate. Missing, however, is a more comprehensive consideration of other significant biophysical climate feedbacks {[}i.e., CH4, N2O, black carbon, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BV0Cs), aerosols, evapotranspiration, and albedo] and their dynamic responses to both localized (fire, land-use change, infrastructure development, and storms) and global (warming, drying, and some related to El Nino or to warming in the tropical Atlantic) changes. Here, we synthesize the current understanding of (1) sources and fluxes of all major forcing agents, (2) the demonstrated or expected impact of global and local changes on each agent, and (3) the nature, extent, and drivers of anthropogenic change in the Basin. We highlight the large uncertainty in flux magnitude and responses, and their corresponding direct and indirect effects on the regional and global climate system. Despite uncertainty in their responses to change, we conclude that current warming from non-CO2 agents (especially CH4 and N2O) in the Amazon Basin largely offsets- and most likely exceeds-the climate service provided by atmospheric CO2 uptake. We also find that the majority of anthropogenic impacts act to increase the radiative forcing potential of the Basin. Given the large contribution of less-recognized agents (e.g., Amazonian trees alone emit similar to 3.5% of all global CH4), a continuing focus on a single metric (i.e., C uptake and storage) is incompatible with genuine efforts to understand and manage the biogeochemistry of climate in a rapidly changing Amazon Basin. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 18/14006-4 - Estimativa dos Balanços de Gases de Efeito estufa da Amazonia utilizando Modelo Inverso de Transporte Atmosférico
• Beneficiário: Luana Santamaria Basso
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 18/14423-4 - Modelagem decenal das emissões brutas de carbono derivadas de incêndios florestais na Amazônia
• Beneficiário: Henrique Luis Godinho Cassol
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado