From toilet to agriculture: Fertilization with microalgal biomass from wastewater impacts the soil and rhizosphere active microbiomes, greenhouse gas emissions and plant growth

Autor(es)

Suleiman, Afnan Khalil Ahmad ^{[1, 2]} ; Lourenco, Kesia Silva ^{[3, 1]} ; Clark, Callum ^[1] ; Luz, Ronildson Lima ^[4] ; Ribeiro da Silva, Gustavo Henrique ^[5] ; Vet, Louise E. M. ^[6] ; Cantarella, Heitor ^[3] ; Fernandes, V, Tania ; Kuramae, Eiko Eurya ^{[1, 7]}

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO, Microbial Ecol Dept, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB Wageningen - Netherlands

^[2] KWR Watercycle Res Inst, Groningenhaven 7, NL-3433 PE Nieuwegein - Netherlands

^[3] Agron Inst Campinas IAC, Soils & Environm Resources Ctr, Av Barao Itapura 1481, BR-13020902 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Estadual Maranhao, Dept Agroecol, BR-65055000 Sao Luis Maranhao - Brazil

^[5] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Ave Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube 14-01, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP - Brazil

^[6] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Terr Ecol, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB Wageningen - Netherlands

^[7] Univ Utrecht, Inst Environm Biol, Ecol & Biodivers, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht - Netherlands

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING; v. 161, OCT 2020.
• Citações Web of Science: 4

Resumo

Human activities are pushing earth beyond its natural limits, so recycling nutrients is mandatory. Microalgae are highly effective in nutrient recovery and have strong potential as a sustainable wastewater treatment technology. Here, nutrients from black water (toilet wastewater) were recovered as microalgal biomass, which was dried and assessed as a fertilizer in pot experiments compared with inorganic fertilizer. We deciphered the effects of microalgal biomass as a biofertilizer on plant growth and quality and the biological processes linked to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, we elucidated the assembly of the active microbiome in bulk soil and rhizosphere during barley development. Microalgal biomass application and inorganic fertilizer (NPK) resulted in similar plant productivity (16.6 g pot(-1)). Cumulative nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were 4.6-fold higher in the treatment amended with microalgal fertilizer (3.1% of applied N) than that with inorganic fertilizer (0.5% of applied N). Nitrification by bacteria was likely the main pathway responsible for N2O emissions (R-2 = 0.7, p < 0.001). The application of nitrogen fertilizers affected the structures of both the active bacterial and protozoan communities, but these effects were less obvious than the strong plant effect, as the recruited microbiota varied among different plant developmental stages. Both treatments enriched similar bacterial and protozoan taxonomic orders but with different distributions through time across the plant developmental stages. Furthermore, the bacterial community showed a clear trend of resilience from the beginning of the experiment until harvest, which was not observed for protozoa. Our results indicate that the use of microalgal biomass as a fertilizer is a viable option for recycling nutrients from wastewater into plant production. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 13/50351-4 - Recovering nutrients and carbon from concentrated black water: a sustainable decentralized approach for wastewater treatment
• Beneficiário: Luiz Antonio Daniel
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 18/20698-6 - Mudanças na comunidade nitrificante e desnitrificante do solo após o uso de inibidor de nitrificação como estratégia de mitigação das emissões de N2O provenientes da aplicação combinada de vinhaça concentrada e N mineral
• Beneficiário: Késia Silva Lourenço
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 14/24141-5 - Estudo das redes microbianas (networks) que controlam a emissão de N2O, CO2 e CH4 do solo com cana-de-açúcar
• Beneficiário: Késia Silva Lourenço
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Doutorado