Maternal preconception glucose intolerance and fatty acid intake from conception to weaning: impact on offspring energy homeostasis in both male and female

Autor(es)

de Souza, Esther Alves ; Mennitti, Lais Vales ; Santamarina, Aline Boveto ; Minari, Tatiana Palotta ; Juca, Andrea ; Sertorio, Marcela Nascimento ; Pisani, Luciana Pellegrini

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION; v. 63, n. 8, p. 12-pg., 2024-09-04.

Resumo

Environmental factors in the early life stages can lead the descendant to adaptations in gene expression, permanently impacting several structures and organs. The amount and quality of fatty acids in the maternal diet in pregnancy and lactation were found to impact offspring metabolism. So, maternal diet and insulin resistance can affect the male and female descendants through distinct pathways and at different time points. We hypothesized that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) intake before conception and an adequate amount of different fatty acids intake during pregnancy and lactation could influence the energy homeostasis system of 21-day-old offspring. Female rats received control diet (C) or HFD (HF) for 8 weeks before pregnancy. During pregnancy and lactation C group remained with same diet (C-C), HF group were distributed into 4 groups and received C diet (HF-C), normolipidic diet based on saturated fatty acids (HF-S) or based on polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 (HF-P) or remained in same diet (HF-HF). Maternal HFD in preconception, pregnancy, and lactation (HF-HF) led to lower glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in male (HF-HF21) compared to other groups (C-C21, HF-C21, and HF-P21) and compared to HF-HF21 females. Neuropeptide YY levels were higher in the HF-HF21, HF-C21, and HF-S21 male offspring compared to HF-P21. HF-P21 was similar to C-C21. Positive correlations were found among the energy homeostasis markers genes expressed in the offspring hypothalamus. Maternal diet changes to adequate quantities of fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation showed less impaired results but was not entirely avoided. A maternal diet based on PUFA n-3 during pregnancy and lactation seems to reverse the damage of an HFD in preconception. These results of homeostasis energy system disturbance in the offspring at weaning give us clues about changes that precede the onset of the disease in adult life - adding notes to the knowledge for future investigations of prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 19/09359-8 - Perfil epigenético e fenótipo mitocondrial da prole aos 21 dias de vida proveniente de mães obesas alimentadas com diferentes tipos de ácidos graxos durante a gestação e lactação
• Beneficiário: Laís Vales Mennitti
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 22/05529-9 - Efeito da dieta hiperlipídica materna na saúde da prole macho e fêmea com foco nos parâmetros epigenéticos e na regulação da homeostase energética
• Beneficiário: Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 21/10375-8 - Influência da ingestão de diferentes tipos de ácidos graxos durante a gestação e lactação de ratas obesas na epigenética e regulação da homeostase energética da prole logo após a lactação
• Beneficiário: Esther Alves de Souza
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado