Satellite DNAs and the evolution of the multiple X₁X₂Y sex chromosomes in the wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus (Teleostei; Characiformes)

Autor(es)

Toma, Gustavo Akira ; Sember, Alexandr ; Goes, Caio Augusto Gomes ; Kretschmer, Rafael ; Porto-Foresti, Fabio ; Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos ; Liehr, Thomas ; Utsunomia, Ricardo ; de Bello Cioffi, Marcelo

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS; v. 14, n. 1, p. 13-pg., 2024-09-02.

Resumo

Multiple sex chromosomes usually arise from chromosomal rearrangements which involve ancestral sex chromosomes. There is a fundamental condition to be met for their long-term fixation: the meiosis must function, leading to the stability of the emerged system, mainly concerning the segregation of the sex multivalent. Here, we sought to analyze the degree of differentiation and meiotic pairing properties in the selected fish multiple sex chromosome system present in the wolf-fish Hoplias malabaricus (HMA). This species complex encompasses seven known karyotype forms (karyomorphs) where the karyomorph C (HMA-C) exhibits a nascent XY sex chromosomes from which the multiple X1X2Y system evolved in karyomorph HMA-D via a Y-autosome fusion. We combined genomic and cytogenetic approaches to analyze the satellite DNA (satDNA) content in the genome of HMA-D karyomorph and to investigate its potential contribution to X1X2Y sex chromosome differentiation. We revealed 56 satDNA monomers of which the majority was AT-rich and with repeat units longer than 100 bp. Seven out of 18 satDNA families chosen for chromosomal mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) formed detectable accumulation in at least one of the three sex chromosomes (X-1, X-2 and neo-Y). Nine satDNA monomers showed only two hybridization signals limited to HMA-D autosomes, and the two remaining ones provided no visible FISH signals. Out of seven satDNAs located on the HMA-D sex chromosomes, five mapped also to XY chromosomes of HMA-C. We showed that after the autosome-Y fusion event, the neo-Y chromosome has not substantially accumulated or eliminated satDNA sequences except for minor changes in the centromere-proximal region. Finally, based on the obtained FISHpatterns, we speculate on the possible contribution of satDNA to sex trivalent pairing and segregation. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 23/00955-2 - Integrando citogenética e genômica no estudo das vias de diferenciação dos cromossomos sexuais. Parte I
• Beneficiário: Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 22/00427-3 - Origem e diferenciação do sistema de cromossomos sexuais múltiplos X1X2Y: análises do Satelitoma em espécies de peixes, répteis e mamíferos
• Beneficiário: Gustavo Akira Toma
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado Direto