The Effects of Different Exercise Training Types on Body Composition and Physical Performance in Older Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Autor(es)

Goncalves, L. da Silva ; da Silva, Leonardo Santos Lopes ; Benjamim, C. J. Rodrigues ; Tasinafo Jr, M. F. ; Bohn, L. ; Abud, G. Ferreira ; Ortiz, G. U. ; de Freitas, E. C.

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging; v. 27, n. 11, p. 15-pg., 2023-11-13.

Resumo

OBJECTIVES: To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the effects of different exercise training types on body composition and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO). DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Older adults (>= 60 years). METHODS: Database searches were performed in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and LILACS on January 10th, 2023. We included: randomized and/or controlled clinical trials; physical exercise as an intervention; analysis of body composition and/or muscle function; and sarcopenic obesity diagnosis. We used the Risk of Bias 2 tool and PEDro scale. The GRADE certainty of evidence was also performed. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review and nine studies in the meta-analysis. A decrease in body fat (%) favoring the exercise group was identified (SMD:-0.34 [95% CI:-0.53 to-0.16]; p=0.0003) (GRADE: circle plus circle plus circle plus circle Moderate). Only resistance training showed fat reduction (SMD:-0.27 [95% CI:-0.48 to-0.06]; p=0.01). Increases in upper (SMD: 0.41 [95% CI: 0.04 to 0.78]; p=0.03) (GRADE: circle plus circle plus circle circle Low) and lower (SMD: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.22 to 1.39]; p=0.007) (GRADE: circle plus circle plus circle plus circle plus High) limb strength was identified with exercise. Chair stand test showed increases with exercise (SMD: 0.73 [95% CI: 0.40 to 1.07]; p<0.0001) (GRADE: circle plus circle plus circle plus circle plus High), especially for resistance training (SMD: 0.62 [95% CI: 0.21 to 1.02]; p=0.003) and combined training (SMD: 0.99 [95% CI: 0.40 to 1.57]; p=0.0005). The PEDro scale for the studies in our review ranged from 3 to 8 (mean = 5.8 (1.6)), meaning fair methodological quality, and most studies were overall judged with at least low/some concerns in terms of risk of bias. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Overall, moderate to high certainty of evidence was found for body fat, lower limb strength, and chair stand test. On the other hand, low certainty of evidence was found for upper limb strength. Resistance, combined, and aerobic training evoked divergent results between the variables analyzed. Although promising, our results should be considered sparingly, but may guide additional exercise recommendations to improve specific health parameters in older adults with SO. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 22/06638-6 - Respostas metabólicas e moleculares sob efeito da suplementação de taurina com e sem treinamento multicomponente em mulheres idosas com obesidade sarcopênica utilizando a abordagem metabolômica.
• Beneficiário: Gabriela Ferreira Abud
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 22/00221-6 - Suplementação de taurina associada ou não ao exercício físico: efeito sobre o escurecimento do tecido adiposo branco de mulheres idosas com Obesidade Sarcopênica
• Beneficiário: Gabriela Ueta Ortiz
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado Direto
• Processo FAPESP: 22/07280-8 - Obesidade sarcopênica e associações com força muscular e desempenho físico em idosos fisicamente ativos
• Beneficiário: Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Iniciação Científica
• Processo FAPESP: 19/11820-5 - Função do Nr1d1 sobre a Sarcopenia associada ao envelhecimento
• Beneficiário: Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático