Deep feature annotation by iterative meta-pseudo-labeling on 2D projections

Autor(es)

Benato, Barbara C. ; Telea, Alexandru C. ; Falcao, Alexandre X.

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: PATTERN RECOGNITION; v. 141, p. 16-pg., 2023-05-05.

Resumo

The absence of large annotated datasets to train deep neural networks (DNNs) is an issue since manual annotation is time-consuming, expensive, and error-prone. Semi-supervised learning techniques can ad-dress the problem propagating pseudo labels from supervised to unsupervised samples. However, they still require training and validation sets with many supervised samples. This work proposes a methodol-ogy, namely Deep Feature Annotation (DeepFA), that dismisses the validation set and uses very few super-vised samples (e.g., 1% of the dataset). DeepFA modifies the feature spaces of a DNN along with meta-pseudo-labeling iterations in a 2D non-linear projection space using the most confidently labeled samples of an optimum-path forest semi-supervised classifier. We present a comprehensive study on DeepFA and a new variant that detects the best DNN model for generalization during the pseudo-labeling iterations. We evaluate components of DeepFA on eight datasets, finding the best DeepFA approach and showing that it outperforms self-pseudo-labeling.(c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 22/12668-5 - Explorando análise visual de dados para auxiliar o usuário no aprendizado ativo
• Beneficiário: Bárbara Caroline Benato
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Doutorado