Spatial-temporal variability of metal pollution across an industrial district, evidencing the environmental inequality in Sao Paulo

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Locosselli, Giuliano Maselli ; Lopes Moreira, Tiana Carla ; Chacon-Madriz, Katherine ; Zezzi Arruda, Marco Aurelio ; de Camargo, Evelyn Pereira ; Kamigauti, Leonardo Yoshiaki ; Ferreira da Trindade, Ricardo Ivan ; Andrade, Maria de Fatima ; Saldiva de Andre, Carmen Diva ; de Andre, Paulo Afonso ; Singer, Julio M. ; Saiki, Mitiko ; Zaccarelli-Marino, Maria Angela ; Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario ; Buckeridge, Marcos Silveira

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Environmental Pollution; v. 263, p. 8-pg., 2020-08-01.

Resumo

Although air pollution decreased in some cities that shifted from an industrial to a service-based economy, and vehicular emission regulation became more restrictive, it is still a major risk factor for mortality worldwide. In central Sao Paulo, Brazil, air quality monitoring stations and tree-ring analyses revealed a decreasing trend in the concentrations of particulate matter and metals. Such trends, however, may not be observed in industrial districts located in the urban periphery, where the usual mobile sources may be combined with local stationary sources. To evaluate environmental pollution in an industrial district in southeastern Sao Paulo, we assessed its spatial variability, by measuring magnetic properties and concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Sr, Zn in the bark of 62 trees, and its temporal trends, by measuring Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn in tree rings of three trees. Source apportionment analysis based on tree barks revealed two clusters with high concentrations of metals, one related to vehicular and industrial emissions (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Zn) in the east side of the industrial cluster, and the other related to soil resuspension (Cu, Zn, Mn) in its west side. These patterns are also supported by the magnetic properties of bark associated with iron oxides and titanium-iron alloy concentrations. Dendrochemical analyses revealed that only the concentrations of Pb consistently decreased over the last four decades. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, V, and Zn did not significantly decrease over time, in contrast with their negative trends previously reported in central Sao Paulo. This combined biomonitoring approach revealed spatial clusters of metal concentration in the vicinity of this industrial cluster and showed that the local population has not benefited from the decreasing polluting metal concentrations in the last decades. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 13/21728-2 - Uso de modernas técnicas de autópsia na investigação de doenças humanas (MODAU)
• Beneficiário: Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 15/25511-3 - Reconstrução do clima e da poluição baseada nos registros de anéis de crescimento de árvores urbanas
• Beneficiário: Giuliano Maselli Locosselli
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 17/10544-9 - Dendrocronologia de Cedrela fissilis de um parque urbano de São Paulo
• Beneficiário: Evelyn Pereira de Camargo
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Iniciação Científica