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The effect of calcination temperature on the performance of the CX/ ZnO-CuxO in sulfamerazine photodegradation under solar and visible radiation

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Autor(es):
Boldrin, Flavio Henrique Covolam ; Mascarenhas, Camilla Gomes ; Silva, Vinicius Sampaio ; Cardia, Lucas Henrique ; Lico, Cesar Augusto Ferreira Mello de Paula ; de Moraes, Nicolas Perciani ; Rocha, Robson da Silva ; Lanza, Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos ; Rodrigues, Liana Alvares
Número total de Autores: 9
Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
Fonte: Optical Materials; v. 168, p. 16-pg., 2025-11-01.
Resumo

This study focused on developing a hybrid CX/ZnO-CuxO and evaluating the effect of its calcination temperature on the degradation of sulfamerazine (SMZ) under solar and visible radiation through heterogeneous photocatalysis. The chosen materials were selected for their non-toxicity, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and potential for efficient heterojunction formation based on their band configurations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations confirmed the composition of the synthesized materials, validating their synthesis routes, and XPS, in particular, confirmed the presence of both Cu+ and Cu2+ ions, indicating the coexistence of Cu2O and CuO phases on the CX/ZnO-CuxO 600 degrees C. The variation in calcination temperature in the synthesis of CX/ZnO-CuxO (400-700 degrees C) led to a visible increase in particle size (scanning electron microscopy) with higher calcination temperatures, consistent with the increased crystal size observed in XRD data. Furthermore, the increase in calcination temperature from 400 degrees C to 600 degrees C also led to greater absorption capacities at higher wavelengths for the CX/ZnOCuxO materials. Consequently, it was determined that the CX/ZnO-CuxO material calcined at 600 degrees C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity for SMZ degradation, achieving 90 % under solar radiation and 72 % under visible radiation, along with significant SMZ mineralization results (70 % under solar radiation and 62 % under visible radiation), whereas at higher temperatures, effects such as larger particle size and lower absorption capacity at longer wavelengths corroborated the poorer photocatalytic results. These results for CX/ZnO-CuxO 600 degrees C also surpass those obtained with ZnO-CuxO, CX/ZnO, and their unary counterparts calcined at the same temperature. In addition to the characterization results, the enhanced photocatalytic activity of CX/ZnO-CuxO 600 degrees C can be attributed to a lower recombination rate and an improved configuration of photogenerated charges, facilitated by the proposed double S-scheme heterojunction, with carbon xerogel acting as a solid-state mediator. (AU)

Processo FAPESP: 23/13127-0 - Degradação de poluentes emergentes utilizando XC-ZnO-CuFe2O4 como fotocatalisador
Beneficiário:Lucas Henrique Cardia
Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Iniciação Científica
Processo FAPESP: 22/04058-2 - Degradação fotoeletrocatalítica de poluentes (bisfenol-A, sulfamerazina e 2,4-D) utilizando H2O2 eletrogerado em matrizes carbonosas obtidas de fontes sustentáveis
Beneficiário:Nicolas Perciani de Moraes
Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
Processo FAPESP: 22/12895-1 - Processos avançados para a degradação de poluentes emergentes: materiais catalíticos, sensores eletroanalíticos e divulgação científica
Beneficiário:Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
Processo FAPESP: 25/00035-6 - Desenvolvimento do catalisador trifuncional material carbonoso/ZnO/BaSnO3 para degradação de ácido salicílico por associação de processos oxidativos avançados
Beneficiário:Flávio Henrique Covolam Boldrin
Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado Direto