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Electronic Tongue Based on Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Monitoring Ions in Aqueous Media

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Autor(es):
Hensel, Rafael C. ; Ceto, Xavier ; Oliveira, Osvaldo N. ; del Valle, Manel
Número total de Autores: 4
Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
Fonte: ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS; v. 9, n. 2, p. 10-pg., 2026-01-02.
Resumo

This work describes the use of a portable 450 nm wavelength laser system to fabricate an electronic tongue (e-tongue) comprising an array of potentiometric laser-induced graphene (LIG) sensors on polyimide. The sensing units were modified with ion-selective polymer membranes for the detection of Ca2 +, Na+, and K+. The sensors exhibited pseudo-Nernstian behavior, with sensitivities of 32.7 +/- 0.8, 63 +/- 3, and 52 +/- 2 mV/dec for Ca2 +, Na+, and K+, respectively, and limits of detection of 4.5 mu M for Ca2 +, 606 mu M for Na+, and 66 mu M for K+. The qualitative response of the e-tongue was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA), which allowed a clear distinction between monovalent and divalent ions based on the first two principal components. Discrimination among the three ions at concentrations of 20 mu M, 220 mu M, and 4.0 mM was achieved using the K-means clustering algorithm, with a silhouette coefficient of 0.946, close to the ideal value. Quantitative analysis using artificial neural networks (ANNs) was applied to ternary mixtures of the three ions, enabling simultaneous and accurate prediction of individual ion concentrations down to 10 mu M. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability of the e-tongue to provide reliable measurements even at trace ion concentrations in mineral water samples, confirming its suitability for precise and sensitive ion monitoring in complex, real-world applications. (AU)

Processo FAPESP: 20/15095-0 - Biossensores contendo filmes poliméricos com incorporação controlada de nanopartículas metálicas para aplicações em saúde
Beneficiário:Rafael Cintra Hensel Ferreira
Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
Processo FAPESP: 18/22214-6 - Rumo à convergência de tecnologias: de sensores e biossensores à visualização de informação e aprendizado de máquina para análise de dados em diagnóstico clínico
Beneficiário:Osvaldo Novais de Oliveira Junior
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
Processo FAPESP: 23/07812-2 - Sensor vestível para detecção multiplexada de Ca2+, ácido úrico e interleucina-6 em suor
Beneficiário:Rafael Cintra Hensel Ferreira
Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Pós-Doutorado