Molecular Breeding of Sugarcane: Using Molecular Markers for Understanding the Genetic Architecture of Quantitative Traits and to Implement Marker Assisted Selection

• Processo: 09/14411-7
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Programa Capacitação - Treinamento Técnico
• Data de Início da vigência: 01 de outubro de 2009
• Data de Término da vigência: 31 de março de 2011
• Área de conhecimento: Ciências Biológicas - Genética - Genética Vegetal
• Pesquisador responsável: Anete Pereira de Souza
• Beneficiário: Patrícia Zambon
• Instituição Sede: Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG). Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Campinas , SP, Brasil
• Vinculado ao auxílio: 08/52197-4 - Genomic-assisted breeding of sugarcane: using molecular markers for understanding the genetic architecture of quantitative traits and to implement marker assisted selection, AP.BIOEN.TEM
• Assunto(s): Diversidade genética Repetições de microssatélites Marcador molecular
• Palavra(s)-Chave do Pesquisador: Diversidade Genética | marcador molecular | Microssatélites | Genética e Biologia Molecular

Resumo

Breeding programs have been successfully over the years in the generation of new improved sugarcane varieties (Saccharum spp.), which are more productive and resistant to pest, diseases and abiotic stresses. However, this process could be speed up with the development and use of genetic markers that are PCR-specific and strongly linked to genes that control agronomic traits. The use of markers in genetical studies, including QTL mapping, has allowed important progress in the knowledge of the genomic structure and genetics of sugarcane. In this work we propose to develop new markers and use them for genetic mapping studies, including QTL mapping and association studies. A new class of very useful markers called genic molecular markers (GMMs) will be developed and used. This kind of marker (EST-SSRs and SNPs), also called Functional Markers (FM), will be obtained from EST sequences (SUCEST data bank), gene sequences and BAC clones. Five hundred EST-SSRs have already been developed and characterized in our previous work. In order to identifying and mapping SNPs, BAC libraries will be constructed using DNA from parental sugarcane varieties employed in the biparental crosses used for genetic mapping. Aiming to identify, evaluate and employ the genomic regions related to economically important traits in real breeding programs, the GMMs developed will be used for: 1) QTL mapping in biparental crosses; 2) association studies using sugarcane genotypes important in breeding programs. The allelic variation for 30-40 chosen economically important genes present in each BAC libraries constructed will be evaluated. In order to associate allelic variation and expression profile, their sequence polymorphisms and expression profile will be determined. Aiming to help the genetic mapping and having a better understanding of the sugarcane genomic structure, the BAC clones identified which have the different alleles from a specific gene will be used for "in situ" hybridization, resulting in the identification of the different homeologous chromosomes from a homologous group. Also, in order to contribute to the sugarcane sequencing project developed in the BIOEN program, a representative SP 80-32-80 BAC library (10-15 x genome coverage) will be constructed.