Natural History of a Sit-and-Wait Dipteran Predator That Uses Extrafloral Nectar as Prey Attractant

Autor(es)

Vidal, Mayra C. ^{[1, 2]} ; Sendoya, Sebastian F. ^[3] ; Yamaguchi, Lydia F. ^[4] ; Kato, Massuo J. ^[4] ; Oliveira, Rafael S. ^[5] ; Oliveira, Paulo S. ^[6]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Grad Program Ecol, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, Denver, CO 80208 - USA

^[3] Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Zool Ecol & Genet, BR-96010610 Pelotas, RS - Brazil

^[4] Univ Sao Paulo, Chem Inst, Lab Chem Nat Prod, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[5] Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Plant Biol, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[6] Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Anim Biol, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY; v. 47, n. 5, p. 1165-1172, OCT 2018.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Sit-and-wait predators use different strategies to encounter potential prey. Rhinoleucophenga myrmecophaga Vidal et (Vidal et Vilela; Diptera: Drosophilidae) larvae build sticky shelters on top of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) of Qualea grandiflora Mart (Vochysiaceae), a common plant in the Brazilian cerrado savanna. Although larval shelters block the EFNs, nectar production is not obstructed and is used by the larvae to attract and trap nectar-gathering ants that are eventually eaten by the dipteran. Here we describe the natural history of R. myrmecophaga, its infestation pattern in Q. grandiflora, the ant assemblage at EFNs, and the insects used as prey. We use stable isotope composition (delta C-13 and delta N-15) of R. myrmecophaga and potential food sources to infer its diet, and perform chemical analyses of the droplets found at shelter openings to determine whether nectar is used as a prey attractant. We found that Rhinoleucophenga larvae occur on the majority of Qualea plants and occupy active EFNs mainly in the rainy season. The two most frequent visiting species were also the most common insects found trapped at larval shelters. The stable isotope analyses confirmed that ants are the main food sources of R. myrmecophaga. Chemical analyses and field observations revealed that Rhinoleucophenga larvae use extrafloral nectar to attract prey to their shelters by pushing this liquid to the shelter opening where it forms a droplet. This is a rare case of sit-and-wait predator exploiting an ant-plant mutualism through the use of the very food reward produced by the plant to attract and capture potential ant mutualists. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 12/23399-3 - Interações entre formigas e plantas com nectários extraflorais: Padrões comunitários ao longo de um gradiente latitudinal no bioma do cerrado
• Beneficiário: Sebastian Felipe Sendoya Echeverry
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 14/23141-1 - Ecologia de interações, ecologia comportamental e biologia molecular de formigas neotropicais
• Beneficiário: Paulo Sergio Moreira Carvalho de Oliveira
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 11/18580-8 - Estudos sobre formigas neotropicais: interações com insetos herbívoros, ecologia comportamental e organização social
• Beneficiário: Paulo Sergio Moreira Carvalho de Oliveira
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 10/13619-0 - A exploração do mutualismo entre formigas e Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae) por Medetera (Dolichopodidae, Diptera)
• Beneficiário: Mayra Cadorin Vidal
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Mestrado
• Processo FAPESP: 17/16645-1 - Ecologia molecular de formigas neotropicais
• Beneficiário: Paulo Sergio Moreira Carvalho de Oliveira
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Regular