Avian haemosporidians in the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) from central-western and southern Africa: High diversity and prevalence

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Villar Couto, Cynthia M. ^[1] ; Cumming, Graeme S. ^{[2, 3]} ; Lacorte, Gustavo A. ^[4] ; Congrains, Carlos ^[1] ; Izbicki, Rafael ^[5] ; Braga, Erika Martins ^[6] ; Rocha, Cristiano D. ^[1] ; Moralez-Silva, Emmanuel ^[1] ; Henry, Dominic A. W. ^[3] ; Manu, Shiiwua A. ^[7] ; Abalaka, Jacinta ^[7] ; Regalla, Aissa ^[8] ; da Silva, Alfredo Simao ^{[8, 9]} ; Diop, Moussa S. ^[10] ; Del Lama, Silvia N. ^[1]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Saude, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[2] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld - Australia

^[3] Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, Cape Town - South Africa

^[4] Inst Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Ciencias & Linguagens, Bambui, MG - Brazil

^[5] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Ctr Ciencias Exatas & Tecnol, Dept Estat, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[6] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Parasitol, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil

^[7] AP Leventis Ornithol Res Inst, Jos - Nigeria

^[8] IBAP, Bissau - Guinea Bissau

^[9] Programme UICN Guinee Bissau, Bissau - Guinea Bissau

^[10] AfriWet Consultants, Dakar, Thiaroye - Senegal

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: PLoS One; v. 14, n. 2 FEB 22 2019.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

We described the geographic distribution of 82 haemosporidian lineages (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon) in the cattle egret sampled in five countries in central-western and southern Africa. Seventy-three lineages have not previously been reported. We determined the prevalence of three haemosporidians in the samples. We investigated the influence of the internal environment of the host and environmental variables on the Plasmodium diversity and whether environmental variables may explain spatial variations in the prevalence of Plasmodium. We screened DNA from 509 blood samples from nestlings in 15 African colonies for infection by sequencing the cytochrome b gene of parasites. The molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian methods and including sequences from the MalAvi and GeneBank databases. We found 62 new Plasmodium lineages in a clade with MYCAME02, which is a lineage described in waterbirds and recently identified in birds of prey as Plasmodium paranucleophilum. Two Haemoproteus lineages identified in cattle egret formed a distinct group with Haemoproteus catharti and MYCAMH1 (Haemoproteus spp.). Seven Leucocytozoon lineages found in the cattle egret clustered with Leucocytozoon californicus. We found different Plasmodium diversities among the colonies sampled, demonstrating that the internal environment of the host is not the primary determinant of diversity. A linear mixed-effects multivariate model showed that precipitation was positively associated with Plasmodium diversity when controlling for the effects of temperature, colony composition (mixed and non-mixed species) and country. Moreover, a generalized mixed model showed that temperature was positively associated with the prevalence of Plasmodium when controlling for precipitation, elevation and country. We conclude that the cattle egret is a good model for future haemosporidian studies, as we found a significant number of new lineages in this host, which occupies regions with different climate characteristics where environmental variables exert an influence on the diversity and prevalence of Plasmodium. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 10/50406-5 - Colonização do continente americano pelas populações africanas de garça-vaqueira (Bubulcus ibis): a genética desvendando o processo de bioinvasão
• Beneficiário: Silvia Nassif Del Lama
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 16/01673-7 - Isolamento de microssatélites e de SNPs em Garça-vaqueira (Bubulcus ibis, Ardeidae, Aves) e sua aplicação em estudos familiais e populacionais
• Beneficiário: Silvia Nassif Del Lama
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 17/03363-8 - Interpretabilidade e eficiência em testes de hipótese
• Beneficiário: Rafael Izbicki
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular