Are Brazilian catchments gaining or losing water? The effective area of tropical catchments

Autor(es)

Schwamback, Dimaghi ; Gesualdo, Gabriela C. ; Sone, Jullian S. ; Kobayashi, Alex Naoki A. ; Bertotto, Luis Eduardo ; Garcia, Maria Vitoria S. ; Almagro, Andre ; Oliveira, Paulo Tarso S.

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Hydrological Processes; v. 36, n. 3, p. 13-pg., 2022-03-01.

Resumo

Similar to most countries, the Brazilian water resources management considers topographically delineated catchment as a territorial unit for policy implementation. Yet, previous studies have shown that catchments are not hydrologically isolated, and topographic limits often neglect the groundwater boundaries. Thus, studies on effective catchment areas are promising for shedding light on inter-catchment groundwater flow. Here, we investigated the deviation between the topographic and effective areas across Brazil. We applied the effective catchment area index (ECI) to 733 Brazilian catchments and identified the most influencing attributes on the ECI by using principal component and random forest analyses (PCA and RFA, respectively). Further analysis was carried out by contrasting the ECI values against the expected range of the Budyko curve, considering both topographic and effective catchment areas (classic and adjusted framework, respectively). We noted that nearly 32% of the Brazilian catchments presented more than 30% of difference between the effective area and its topographic boundaries. In general, the more arid biomes in Brazil-the Cerrado and Caatinga-are prone to have smaller effective areas while larger effective areas were mostly found in the Atlantic Forest biome, a humid tropical region with a higher mean elevation. Our findings indicate that the aridity index was the main driving factor and negatively correlated with ECI followed by mean slope, precipitation seasonality, and mean elevation. We highlight the potential of adopting a pooling of catchments based on their interconnectivity to minimize management costs while maximizing synergies and lessening trade-offs between ecosystem functioning and water transfer processes. Our results contribute to a better country-wide understanding of hydrological connectivity among catchments and highlight the need to consider the effective catchment area to overcome water-food-energy security challenges on multiple scales. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 19/24292-7 - Dinâmica da infiltração e escoamento superficial em vertentes com diferentes usos do solo e mudanças climáticas em área de Cerrado
• Beneficiário: Dimaghi Schwamback
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 15/03806-1 - Disponibilidade hídrica e riscos de contaminação em áreas de afloramento do Sistema Aquífero Guarani
• Beneficiário: Edson Cezar Wendland
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOEN - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 21/14016-2 - Modelo Hydrus para a representação teórica do escoamento vertical sob diferentes usos do solo comumente encontrados no bioma Cerrado brasileiro
• Beneficiário: Dimaghi Schwamback
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Doutorado