Two decades of clear-cutting threats in the Brazilian Amazonian protected areas around the Jirau, Santo Antonio, and Belo Monte large dams

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Mandai, Silvia Sayuri ; Branco, Evandro Albiach ; Moretto, Evandro Mateus ; Barros, Jocilene Dantas ; Alves, Guilherme Prado ; Utsunomiya, Renata ; Arcoverde, Gustavo Felipe Balue ; Assahira, Cyro ; Arantes, Caroline C. ; Lobo, Guilherme de Sousa ; Calvi, Miqueias Freitas ; Doria, Carolina Rodriguesda Costa ; Johansen, Igor Cavallini ; Carreiro, Gabriela Alves ; Bonavigo, Paulo Henrique ; Ferronato, Marcelo Lucian ; Reis, Vanessa Cristine e Souza ; Moran, Emilio Federico

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Journal of Environmental Management; v. 359, p. 16-pg., 2024-05-06.

Resumo

Deforestation rates in the Amazon have markedly increased in the last few years, affecting non-protected and protected areas (PAs). Brazil is a hotspot of Protected Area Downgrading, Downsizing, and Degazettement (PADDD) events, with most events associated with infrastructure projects. Despite the threats dams impose on PAs, there is a knowledge gap in assessing deforestation in PAs around large dams in the Amazon. This study investigates how deforestation affects Biodiversity Protection Areas (BioPAs) and Indigenous Lands around the Jirau and Santo Anto nio (JSA) dams (Madeira River, Rondo nia) and Belo Monte dam (Xingu River, Par <acute accent>a) in the Brazilian Amazon. We compared clear-cutting between PAs and control areas and the annual rates of forest change between pre -dam and post -dam periods. We discussed deforestation-related factors (e.g., PADDD events and the presence of management plans or councils). Our results show an increase in deforestation after the operation of the dams when environmental control from licensing agencies decreases and other political and economic factors are in practice. Indigenous Lands experienced a significant increase in deforestation around the Belo Monte dam, which is associated with the demarcation process and land conflicts. Surrounding the JSA dams, sustainable use BioPAs showed high deforestation rates, and 27 PADDD events were reported, four directly related to dams. In addition to dams, deforestation was associated with the crisis of Brazilian democracy and the weakening of environmental policies. In conclusion, the weak environmental control from environmental licensing agencies during dam operation and PADDD events have contributed to increased deforestation rates and additional stresses in the Amazon. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 20/08197-1 - Depois das hidrelétricas: processos sociais e ambientais que ocorrem depois da construção de Belo Monte, Jirau, e Santo Antonio na Amazônia Brasileira
• Beneficiário: Vanessa Cristine e Souza Reis
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 19/17113-9 - Depois das hidrelétricas: processos sociais e ambientais que ocorrem depois da construção de Belo Monte, Jirau, e Santo Antônio na Amazônia Brasileira
• Beneficiário: Emilio Federico Moran
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa SPEC
• Processo FAPESP: 20/07372-4 - Usinas hidrelétricas de grande porte e pequenas centrais hidrelétricas na Região Amazônica: comparação dos impactos cumulativos e sinérgicos
• Beneficiário: Silvia Sayuri Mandai
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 20/16378-6 - Depois das hidrelétricas: processos sociais e ambientais que ocorrem depois da construção de Belo Monte, Jirau e Santo Antônio na Amazônia Brasileira
• Beneficiário: Igor Cavallini Johansen
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado