Balancing selection at a wing pattern locus is associated with major shifts in genome-wide patterns of diversity and gene flow

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Cara, Maria angeles Rodriguez de ; Jay, Paul ; Rougemont, Quentin ; Chouteau, Mathieu ; Whibley, Annabel ; Huber, Barbara ; Piron-Prunier, Florence ; Ramos, Renato Rogner ; Salazar, Camilo ; Torres, Tatiana Teixeira ; Freitas, Andre V. L. ; Silva-Brandao, Karina Lucas ; Joron, Mathieu

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: PEER COMMUNITY JOURNAL; v. 3, p. 18-pg., 2023-01-01.

Resumo

Selection shapes genetic diversity around target mutations, yet little is known about how selection on specific loci affects the genetic trajectories of populations, including their genome-wide patterns of diversity and demographic responses. Here we study the patterns of genetic variation and geographic structure in a neotropical butterfly, Heliconius numata, and its closely related allies in the so-called melpomene-silvaniform clade. H. numata is known to have evolved an inversion supergene which controls variation in wing patterns involved in mimicry associations with distinct groups of co-mimics whereas it is associated to disassortative mate preferences and heterozygote advantage at this locus. We contrasted patterns of genetic diversity and structure 1) among extant polymorphic and monomorphic populations of H. numata, 2) between H. numata and its close relatives, and 3) between ancestral lineages. We show that H. numata populations which carry the inversions as a balanced polymorphism show markedly distinct patterns of diversity compared to all other taxa. They show the highest genetic diversity and effective population size estimates in the entire clade, as well as a low level of geographic structure and isolation by distance across the entire Amazon basin. By contrast, monomorphic populations of H. numata as well as its sister species and their ancestral lineages all show lower effective population sizes and genetic diversity, and higher levels of geographical structure across the continent. One hypothesis is that the large effective population size of polymorphic populations could be caused by the shift to a regime of balancing selection due to the genetic load and disassortative preferences associated with inversions. Testing this hypothesis with forward simulations supported the observation of increased diversity in populations with the supergene. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the formation of the supergene triggered a change in gene flow, causing a general increase in genetic diversity and the homogenisation of genomes at the continental scale. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 13/50297-0 - Dimensions US-BIOTA São Paulo: integrando disciplinas para a predição da biodiversidade da Floresta Atlântica no Brasil
• Beneficiário: Cristina Yumi Miyaki
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 11/50225-3 - História natural, filogenia e conservação de lepidópteros neotropicais
• Beneficiário: André Victor Lucci Freitas
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 21/03868-8 - Mecanismos evolutivos que determinam a diversidade e distribuição num hotspot tropical de biodiversidade
• Beneficiário: André Victor Lucci Freitas
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 12/16266-7 - Genômica populacional: uma nova abordagem para estudos de especiação em insetos devido ao uso de hospedeiros aplicada ao desenvolvimento de estratégias sustentáveis de MIP
• Beneficiário: Karina Lucas da Silva-Brandão
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Jovens Pesquisadores