A two-step state estimator with a suitable set of pseudo-measurements for precise fault location in distribution systems

Autor(es)

Cavalcante, Paulo A. H. ; Dardengo, Victor P. ; Fernandes, Thiago R. ; Cunha, Vinicius C. ; Monaro, Renato M. ; de Almeida, Madson C.

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Electric Power Systems Research; v. 236, p. 12-pg., 2024-08-13.

Resumo

Temporary and sustained faults in distribution systems can significantly deteriorate the quality of the power supply. With the advancement of distribution system monitoring technologies, utilities have the opportunity to adopt fault location techniques to reduce power restoration times, thereby improving the quality of the power supply. This paper presents an innovative two-step state estimator, incorporating a suitable set of pseudo-measurements, which serves as the main core of a fault location method for distribution systems. The proposed state estimator captures the variations in branch currents and bus terminal voltages caused by faults. From these estimates, the fault location can be determined using a two-terminal fault location approach adapted to distribution systems. A properly designed set of pseudo-measurements enables the application of the state estimator to obtain the fault location even when the system is not entirely observable. Since the specific branch under fault is initially unknown, similar to other methods relying on state estimation, power flow, and short circuit principles, a fault position is computed for each network branch. Subsequently, a novel selection criterion identifies the exact branch under fault and, consequently, pinpoints the precise fault location. This criterion enhances the method's resilience against errors in measurements and network parameters. The performance of the proposed fault location method is assessed considering the location, type, and resistance of faults, along with the presence of distributed generators. Case studies regarding the number, position, and types of measurements are also presented. Statistical simulations conducted to evaluate the influence of errors in measurements and network parameters indicate that the proposed method is robust. A comparative study shows that the proposed method can outperform promising approaches available in the literature. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 21/11380-5 - CPTEn - Centro Paulista de Estudos da Transição Energética
• Beneficiário: Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Centros de Ciência para o Desenvolvimento
• Processo FAPESP: 20/15230-5 - Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação de Gases de Efeito Estufa - RCG2I
• Beneficiário: Julio Romano Meneghini
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa Centros de Pesquisa em Engenharia