The Therapeutic Potential of Physical Exercise in Cancer: The Role of Chemokines

Autor(es)

Buzaglo, Glenda B. B. ; Telles, Guilherme D. ; Araujo, Rafaela B. ; Junior, Gilmar D. S. ; Ruberti, Olivia M. ; Ferreira, Marina L. V. ; Derchain, Sophie F. M. ; Vechin, Felipe C. ; Conceicao, Miguel S.

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES; v. 25, n. 24, p. 18-pg., 2024-12-01.

Resumo

The global increase in cancer cases and mortality has been associated with inflammatory processes, in which chemokines play crucial roles. These molecules, a subfamily of cytokines, are essential for the migration, adhesion, interaction, and positioning of immune cells throughout the body. Chemokines primarily originate in response to pathogenic stimuli and inflammatory cytokines. They are expressed by lymphocytes in the bloodstream and are divided into four classes (CC, CXC, XC, and CX3C), playing multifaceted roles in the tumor environment (TME). In the TME, chemokines regulate immune behavior by recruiting cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which promote tumor survival. Additionally, they directly influence tumor behavior, promoting pathological angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. On the other hand, chemokines can also induce antitumor responses by mobilizing CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells to the tumor, reducing pro-inflammatory chemokines and enhancing essential antitumor responses. Given the complex interaction between chemokines, the immune system, angiogenic factors, and metastasis, it becomes evident how important it is to target these pathways in therapeutic interventions to counteract cancer progression. In this context, physical exercise emerges as a promising strategy due to its role modulating the expression of anti-inflammatory chemokines and enhancing the antitumor response. Aerobic and resistance exercises have been associated with a beneficial inflammatory profile in cancer, increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the TME, and improvement of intratumoral vasculature. This creates an environment less favorable to tumor growth and supports the circulation of antitumor immune cells and chemokines. Therefore, understanding the impact of exercise on the expression of chemokines can provide valuable insights for therapeutic interventions in cancer treatment and prevention. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 21/01424-5 - Efeitos do treinamento físico combinado em mulheres com Câncer de Mama submetidas a quimioterapia
• Beneficiário: Miguel Soares Conceição
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Jovens Pesquisadores
• Processo FAPESP: 23/02500-2 - Efeitos do treinamento combinado, realizado antes do tratamento na força, massa muscular e na aptidão aeróbia nas citocinas inflamatórias sistêmicas de mulheres com câncer de mama
• Beneficiário: Glenda Beatriz Brazão Buzaglo
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Mestrado