Autor(es)

Carvalho, Juliana Tosta Theodoro ; Malfatti-Gasperini, Antonio ; Boyd, Ben J. ; Wang, Liming ; Cardoso, Mateus Borba

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: ACS OMEGA; v. 10, n. 40, p. 11-pg., 2025-09-23.

Resumo

Nanoparticles (NPs) in biological environments rapidly become coated with a dynamic biomolecular layer known as the protein corona (PC), significantly influencing their biological identity and functionality. Traditional methods used to characterize the PC often disrupt its native state, limiting accurate insights into its true structural and compositional complexity. Synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provides a powerful alternative, enabling nondestructive, label-free, and in-solution analysis of the PC under physiologically relevant conditions. This minireview critically examines recent advancements in applying SAXS to decode the PC, highlighting methodological developments and exemplary studies demonstrating SAXS's unique ability to resolve interactions at the nano-bio interface. By discussing novel analytical frameworks, such as integrating SAXS with complementary techniques like small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), we provide a comprehensive overview on the structural and thermodynamic features of the PC. Furthermore, we outline future opportunities including time-resolved SAXS to elucidate the kinetics of corona formation and the establishment of standardized protocols to enhance reproducibility and reliability. Ultimately, this review positions SAXS as an indispensable tool for advancing our understanding of nanoparticle-protein interactions and fostering innovation in nanomedicine. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 21/12071-6 - Arquitetando coloides via interações supramoleculares: de fundamentos a aplicações
• Beneficiário: Watson Loh
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 23/14830-7 - Caracterização in situ de agregados de surfactantes durante o processo de digestão
• Beneficiário: Watson Loh
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 24/00989-7 - Centro de Pesquisa em Engenharia Molecular para Materiais Avançados (CEMol)
• Beneficiário: Edson Roberto Leite
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão - CEPIDs
• Processo FAPESP: 23/13208-0 - Interações nano-bio entre nanopartículas de sílica e proteínas biologicamente relevantes: contribuições científicas e tecnológicas baseadas no uso da investigação síncrotron
• Beneficiário: Juliana Tosta Theodoro Carvalho
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado