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From hive to lab: using beeswax substrate as a green and sustainable material in the construction of screen-printed electrode for vitamin B9 detection

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Autor(es):
Gallina, Fernando C. ; Oliveira, Igor G. S. ; Affonso, Muriel R. ; Junior, Oswaldo C. ; Souto, Robson S. ; Corazza, Marcela Z. ; de Carvalho, Adriana E. ; Lanza, Marcos R. V. ; Barros, Willyam R. P.
Número total de Autores: 9
Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
Fonte: Microchemical Journal; v. 218, p. 12-pg., 2025-11-25.
Resumo

Herein, we propose the development of a sustainable, simple and lab-made screen-printed electrode with graphite ink on a beeswax surface for vitamin B9 (VB9) detection. The electrode, denoted as SPWE, was further modified with Printex L6 carbon dispersed in chitosan (Chi) and electrodeposited gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in order to enhance its electrochemical performance. The electrode surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, contact angle and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Differential pulse voltammetry analysis showed that the modified electrode (SPWE/PL6C@Chi/Au) exhibited significantly higher peak currents when applied for VB9 detection in presence of 0.1 mol L-1 Britton-Robinson buffer solution at pH 7.0. The sensor recorded a linear detection range of 0.025 to 0.75 mu mol L-1, with R2 of 0.992 and limit of detection (LOD) of 9.4 nmol L-1. Recovery tests performed on real samples (tap water, filtered water and female urine) yielded satisfactory results, with recovery rates ranging from 92.4 % to 111.2 %. The results demonstrate that the SPWE/PL6C@Chi/Au developed on beeswax substrate is a sustainable, cost-effective sensor which exhibits high sensitivity, good detectability, and outstanding accuracy. The beeswax proved recyclable through three melting cycles, with successive depositions of graphite ink, without significant variation in VB9 peak currents, which clearly points to its great potential for reuse. Overall, this work presents a green and sustainable approach to SPE manufacturing, combining environmental friendliness with high analytical performance for VB9 detection, with the beeswax substrate presenting applicability toward sensing of other analytes on different electrochemical devices. (AU)

Processo FAPESP: 24/11170-9 - Eletrossíntese de peróxido de hidrogênio utilizando eletrodos de difusão gasosa (EDGs) modificados com eletrocatalisadores nanoestruturados e a sua aplicação na degradação de compostos orgânicos poluentes
Beneficiário:Oswaldo Costa Junior
Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado Direto
Processo FAPESP: 22/12895-1 - Processos avançados para a degradação de poluentes emergentes: materiais catalíticos, sensores eletroanalíticos e divulgação científica
Beneficiário:Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático