The realm of cellulases in biorefinery development

Autor(es)

Chandel, Anuj K. ^[1] ; Chandrasekhar, G. ^[2] ; Silva, Messias Borges ^{[1, 3]} ; da Silva, Silvio Silverio ^[1]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Engn Lorena, Dept Biotechnol, BR-12602810 Lorena, SP - Brazil

^[2] Jawaharlal Nehru Technol Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Hyderabad 500072, Andhra Pradesh - India

^[3] Fac Engn Guaratingueta, Dept Prod, BR-12516041 Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY; v. 32, n. 3, p. 187-202, SEP 2012.
• Citações Web of Science: 75

Resumo

Geopolitical concerns (unstable supply of gasoline, environmental pollution, and regular price hikes), economic, and employment concerns have been prompting researchers, entrepreneurs, and policy makers to focus on harnessing the potential of lignocellulosic feedstock for fuel ethanol production and its commercialization. The carbohydrate skeleton of plant cell walls needs to be depolymerised into simpler sugars for their application in fermentation reactions as a chief carbon source of suitable ethnologic strains for ethanol production. The role of cellulolytic enzymes in the degradation of structural carbodydrates of the plant cell wall into ready-to-fermentable sugar stream is inevitable. Cellulase synergistically acts upon plant cell wall polysaccharides to release glucose into the liquid media. Cellulase predominantly dominates all the plant cell wall degrading enzymes due to their vast and diverse range of applications. Apart from the major applications of cellulases such as in detergent formulations, textile desizing, and development of monogastric feed for ruminants, their role in biorefinery is truly remarkable. This is a major area where new research tools based upon fermentation based formulations, biochemistry, and system biology to expedite the structure-function relationships of cellulases including cellulosomes and new designer enzymatic cocktails are required. In the last two decades, a considerable amount of research work has been performed on cellulases and their application in biomass saccharification. However, there are still technical and economic impediments to the development of an inexpensive commercial cellulase production process. Advancements in biotechnology such as screening of microorganisms, manipulation of novel cellulase encoding traits, site-specific mutagenesis, and modifications to the fermentation process could enhance the production of cellulases. Commercially, cheaper sources of carbohydrates and modified fermentation conditions could lead to more cost-effective production of cellulases with the goal to reduce the cost of ethanol production from lignocellulosics. Implementation of integrated steps like cellulase production and cellulase mediated saccharification of biomass in conjunction with the fermentation of released sugars in ethanol in a single step so called consolidated bio-processing (CBP) is very important to reduce the cost of bioethanol. This paper aims to explore and review the important findings in cellulase biotechnology and the forward path for new cutting edge opportunities in the success of biorefineries. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 10/11258-0 - Desenvolvimento de processos de sacarificação e co-fermentação simultânea usando cultura mista de leveduras para produção de etanol usando bagaço de cana pré-tratado por amônia
• Beneficiário: Anuj Kumar
• Linha de fomento: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 08/57926-4 - Etanol: pesquisa e desenvolvimento visando ao aproveitamento integrado do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para a produção biotecnológica do etanol lignocelulósico
• Beneficiário: Silvio Silvério da Silva
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOEN - Temático