Revealing Hidden Diversity of the Underestimated Neotropical Ichthyofauna: DNA Barcoding in the Recently Described Genus Megaleporinus (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Autor(es)

Ramirez, Jorge L. ^[1] ; Birindelli, Jose L. ^[2] ; Carvalho, Daniel C. ^[3] ; Affonso, Paulo R. A. M. ^[4] ; Venere, Paulo C. ^[5] ; Ortega, Hernan ^[6] ; Carrillo-Avila, Mauricio ^[7] ; Rodriguez-Pulido, Jose A. ^[8] ; Galetti, Jr., Pedro M. ^[1]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Lab Biodiversidade Mol & Conservacao, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Biol Anim & Vegetal, Londrina - Brazil

^[3] Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais, Lab Genet Conservacao, Programa Posgrad Biol Vertebrados, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil

^[4] Univ Estadual Sudoeste Bahia, Dept Ciencias Biol, Jequie - Brazil

^[5] Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Biol & Zool, Cuiaba - Brazil

^[6] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Dept Ictiol, Museo Hist Nat, Lima - Peru

^[7] Univ Surcolombiana, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Huila - Colombia

^[8] Univ Llanos, Grp Invest Genet & Reprod Anim, Villavicencio - Colombia

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: FRONTIERS IN GENETICS; v. 8, OCT 12 2017.
• Citações Web of Science: 11

Resumo

Molecular studies have improved our knowledge on the neotropical ichthyofauna. DNA barcoding has successfully been used in fish species identification and in detecting cryptic diversity. Megaleporinus (Anostomidae) is a recently described freshwater fish genus within which taxonomic uncertainties remain. Here we assessed all nominal species of this genus using a DNA barcode approach (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I) with a broad sampling to generate a reference library, characterize new molecular lineages, and test the hypothesis that some of the nominal species represent species complexes. The analyses identified 16 (ABGD and BIN) to 18 (ABGD, GMYC, and PTP) different molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) within the 10 studied nominal species, indicating cryptic biodiversity and potential candidate species. Only Megaleporinus brinco, Megaleporinus garmani, and Megaleporinus elongatus showed correspondence between nominal species and MOTUs. Within six nominal species, a subdivision in two MOTUs was found, while Megaleporinus obtusidens was divided in three MOTUs, suggesting that DNA barcode is a very useful approach to identify the molecular lineages of Megaleporinus, even in the case of recent divergence (< 0.5 Ma). Our results thus provided molecular findings that can be used along with morphological traits to better define each species, including candidate new species. This is the most complete analysis of DNA barcode in this recently described genus, and considering its economic value, a precise species identification is quite desirable and fundamental for conservation of the whole biodiversity of this fish. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 11/21836-4 - Filogenia molecular dos anostomidae e filogeografia das espécies com cromossomos sexuais zz/zw do gênero leporinus
• Beneficiário: Jorge Luis Ramirez Malaver
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado