The epidemiology of drug use disorders cross-nationally: Findings from the WHO's World Mental Health Surveys

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Bharat, Chrianna ^[1] ; Glantz, Meyer D. ^[2] ; Sampson, Nancy A. ^[3] ; Scott, Kate ^[4] ; Lim, Carmen C. W. ^{[5, 6]} ; Andrade, Laura H. ^[7] ; Maria Haro, Josep ^[8] ; Harris, Meredith G. ^{[9, 6]} ; Karam, Georges E. ^{[10, 11]} ; Makanjuola, Victor ^[12] ; Elena Medina-Mora, Maria ^[13] ; Tachimori, Hisateru ^[14] ; Zarkov, Zahari ^[15] ; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio ^[16] ; Al-Hamzawi, Ali ^[17] ; Al-Kaisy, Mohammed Salih ; Alonso, Jordi ^{[18, 19, 20]} ; Andrade, Laura Helena ; Benjet, Corina ; Borges, Guilherme ; Bromet, Evelyn J. ^[21] ; Bruffaerts, Ronny ^[22] ; Bunting, Brendan ^[23] ; de Almeida, Jose Miguel Caldas ; Cardoso, Grata ; Chatterji, Somnath ^[24] ; Cia, Alfredo H. ; Degenhardt, Louisa ^[1] ; Demyttenaere, Koen ; Fayyad, John ; Florescu, Silvia ; de Girolamo, Giovanni ^[25] ; Gureje, Oye ^[26] ; Haro, Josep Maria ; He, Yanling ^[27] ; Hinkov, Hristo ; Hu, Chi-yi ; Huang, Yueqin ; de Jonge, Peter ^{[28, 29]} ; Karam, Aimee Nasser ; Karam, Elie G. ^{[10, 30, 31]} ; Kawakami, Norito ; Kessler, Ronald C. ^[3] ; Kiejna, Andrzej ^{[32, 33]} ; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane ; Lee, Sing ^[34] ; Lepine, Jean-Pierre ^{[35, 36, 37]} ; Levinson, Daphna ^[38] ; McGrath, John ; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena ; Mneimneh, Zeina ^[39] ; Moskalewicz, Jacek ; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando ^{[40, 41, 42, 43]} ; Pennell, Beth-Ellen ; Piazza, Marina ; Posada-Villa, Jose ^[44] ; Scott, Kate M. ; Slade, Tim ; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos ; Stein, Dan J. ^{[45, 46, 47]} ; ten Have, Margreet ; Torres, Yolanda ^[48] ; Viana, Maria Carmen ; Whiteford, Harvey ; Williams, David R. ; Wojtyniak, Bogdan ; Survey, WHO World Mental Hlth

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^[1] UNSW Sydney, NDARC, Sydney, NSW - Australia

^[2] NIDA, DESPR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 - USA

^[3] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 - USA

^[4] Univ Otago, Dept Psychol Med, Dunedin, Otago - New Zealand

^[5] Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, St Lucia, Qld - Australia

^[6] Pk Ctr Mental Hlth, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Wacol, Qld - Australia

^[7] Univ Sao Paulo, Nucleo Epidemiol Psiquiatr LIM 23, Hosp Clin, Inst Psiquiatria, Fac Med, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[8] Univ Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Parc Sanitari St Joan de Deu, Barcelona - Spain

^[9] Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld - Australia

^[10] IDRAAC, Beirut - Lebanon

^[11] Balamand Univ, Dept Psychiat & Clin Psychol, St George Hosp Univ Med Ctr, Fac Med, Beirut - Lebanon

^[12] Univ Ibadan, Dept Psychiat, Coll Med, Ibadan - Nigeria

^[13] Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon de la Fuente Muniz, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[14] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Kodaira, Tokyo - Japan

^[15] Natl Ctr Publ Hlth & Anal, Directorate Mental Hlth, Sofia - Bulgaria

^[16] UC Davis Hlth Syst, Ctr Reducing Hlth Dispar, Sacramento, CA - USA

^[17] Al Qadisiya Univ, Coll Med, Diwaniya Governorate - Iraq

^[18] Pompeu Fabra Univ UPF, Barcelona - Spain

^[19] CIBERESP, Barcelona - Spain

^[20] IMIM Hosp del Mar Med Res Inst, Hlth Serv Res Unit, Barcelona - Spain

^[21] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 - USA

^[22] UPC KUL, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven - Belgium

^[23] Ulster Univ, Sch Psychol, Coleraine, Londonderry - North Ireland

^[24] WHO, Dept Informat Evidence & Res, Geneva - Switzerland

^[25] IRCCS Ist Ctr San Giovanni Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia - Italy

^[26] Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Ibadan - Nigeria

^[27] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Sch Med, Shanghai - Peoples R China

^[28] Univ Groningen, Dev Psychol, Dept Psychol, Groningen - Netherlands

^[29] Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Interdisciplinary Ctr Psychopathol & Emot Regulat, Dept Psychiat, Groningen - Netherlands

^[30] St George Hosp Univ Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Clin Psychol, Beirut - Lebanon

^[31] Balamand Univ, Dept Psychiat & Clin Psychol, Fac Med, Beirut - Lebanon

^[32] Wroclaw Med Univ, Wroclaw - Poland

^[33] Univ Lower Silesia, Wroclaw - Poland

^[34] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychiat, Tai Po, Hong Kong - Peoples R China

^[35] Hop Lariboisiere Fernand Widal, AP HP, Paris - France

^[36] Univ Paris Descartes Paris Diderot, Paris - France

^[37] INSERM, UMR S 1144, Paris - France

^[38] Minist Hlth, Mental Hlth Serv, Jerusalem - Israel

^[39] Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Survey Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI - USA

^[40] Univ Coll Hosp, Ibadan - Nigeria

^[41] IMIB Arrixaca, Murcia - Spain

^[42] Serv Murciano Salud, UDIF SM, Murcia - Spain

^[43] CIBERESP, Murcia - Spain

^[44] Colegio Mayor Cundinamarca Univ, Fac Social Sci, Bogota - Colombia

^[45] Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, Cape Town - South Africa

^[46] Groote Schuur Hosp, Cape Town - South Africa

^[47] Univ Cape Town, South African Med Council Res Unit Risk & Resilie, Cape Town - South Africa

^[48] CES Univ, Ctr Excellence Res Mental Hlth, Medellin - Colombia

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY; v. 71, p. 103-112, SEP 2019.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Background: Illicit drug use and associated disease burden are estimated to have increased over the past few decades, but large gaps remain in our knowledge of the extent of use of these drugs, and especially the extent of problem or dependent use, hampering confident cross-national comparisons. The World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys Initiative involves a standardised method for assessing mental and substance use disorders via structured diagnostic interviews in representative community samples of adults. We conducted cross-national comparisons of the prevalence and correlates of drug use disorders (DUDs) in countries of varied economic, social and cultural nature. Methods and findings: DSM-IV DUDs were assessed in 27 WMH surveys in 25 countries. Across surveys, the prevalence of lifetime DUD was 3.5%, 0.7% in the past year. Lifetime DUD prevalence increased with country income: 0.9% in low/lower-middle income countries, 2.5% in upper-middle income countries, 4.8% in high-income countries. Significant differences in 12-month prevalence of DUDs were found across country in income groups in the entire cohort, but not when limited to users. DUDs were more common among men than women and younger than older respondents. Among those with a DUD and at least one other mental disorder, onset of the DUD was usually preceded by the `other' mental disorder. Conclusions: Substantial cross-national differences in DUD prevalence were found, reflecting myriad social, environmental, legal and other influences. Nonetheless, patterns of course and correlates of DUDs were strikingly consistent. These findings provide foundational data on country-level comparisons of DUDs. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 03/00204-3 - Estudo epidemiológico dos transtornos psiquiátricos na região metropolitana de São Paulo: prevalências, fatores de risco e sobrecarga social e econômica
• Beneficiário: Laura Helena Silveira Guerra de Andrade
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático