leistocene climate oscillations and habitat connectivity contributed to avian beta-diversity in the megadiverse Colombian Paramo ecosystem

Autor(es)

Calpa-Anaguano, V, Edna ; Graham, Catherine H. ^[1] ; da Silva, Fernando R. ^[2]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf - Switzerland

^[2] Calpa-Anaguano, Edna, V, Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Lab Ecol Teor Integrando Tempo Biol & Espaco LETI, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, Sorocaba, SP - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Journal of Biogeography; v. 48, n. 12 OCT 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Aim The role of evolutionary history in shaping the patterns of species distributions is generally explored at coarse spatial extents. However, at small spatial extents, the combined effects of history and ecological processes on local diversity has received less attention. We test the relative importance of historical and ecological factors on the spatial distribution of bird taxonomic (T beta D) and phylogenetic (P beta D) beta-diversity on Paramo ecosystems. Location South-western Colombia. Taxon Andean bird species. Methods Using point occurrence data for 175 bird species recorded in 11 Paramos, we calculated T beta D and P beta D. We used a lineage through time plot to evaluate the association between bird species richness and the time of Andean uplift and Quaternary climatic oscillations. To capture range dynamics associated with past climate oscillations, we delimited paramos using connectivity matrices based on four distance criteria (i.e. paramos connected at 20, 25, 35 and 55 km apart) to compute Moran's eigenvectors maps. Then, we evaluated the relative importance of altitude, past climatic oscillations, current climate and connectivity on the spatial distribution of avian T beta D and P beta D. Results Two-thirds of the bird species in the paramos are recent and emerged after the late Miocene/early Pliocene. The average T beta D was four times higher than the average P beta D indicating that paramo assemblages harbour distinct, but closely related, species. We found that distribution of beta-diversity had a spatial structure resulting in two groups of paramos - one in the north of our study area containing four paramos and other in the south with seven paramos. This spatial structure together with past climate conditions explained the variation of both T beta D and P beta D. Main conclusions Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that patterns of beta-diversity reflect the complex history of Andean region including mountain uplift and climatic oscillations in the Pleistocene. We demonstrated that the integration of different facets of beta-diversity into a community ecology framework provides new insights about the historical and ecological factors responsible for generating the patterns of species distribution. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 13/50714-0 - Influência de processos ecológicos e evolutivos na estruturação de comunidades de anfíbios em diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais
• Beneficiário: Fernando Rodrigues da Silva
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Jovens Pesquisadores