Urban environments increase generalization of hummingbird- plant networks across climate gradients

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Maruyama, Pietro Kiyoshi ; Bosenbecker, Camila ; Cardoso, Joao Custodio F. ; Sonne, Jesper ; Ballarin, Caio S. ; Souza, Camila S. ; Leguizamon, Johana ; Lopes, Ariadna Valentina ; Maglianesi, Maria A. ; Otarola, Mauricio Fernandez ; Parra, Juan L. ; Pena, Joao Carlos ; Ramirez-Burbano, Monica B. ; Rodriguez-Flores, Claudia I. ; Rech, Andre R. ; Zanata, Thais B. ; Acevedo-Quintero, Juan Fernando ; Almeida, Gabriela ; Anselmo, Pedro Amaral ; Amorim, Felipe W. ; Montoya-Arango, Sergio ; Araujo, Andrea Cardoso ; Araujo, Francielle Paulina de ; Arizmendi, Maria del Coro ; Brito, Lucilene ; Castillo-Garcia, Alejandra ; Cherutte, Amanda Graciela ; Costa, Carolina Figueredo ; Ferreira, Fernando Henrique Santos ; Filho, Manoel Martins Dias ; Frota, Angelica Vilas Boas da ; Iepsen, Alice Scheer ; Freitas, Leandro ; Almeida, Ingrid Gabriela de ; Gomes, Ana Caroline Silva ; Hachuy-Filho, Leandro ; Lara, Carlos ; Lasprilla, Liliana Rosero ; Llano, Julian ; Nakamura, Vivian ; Neto, Edvaldo Nunes ; Nunes, Cristiane Estrela C. ; Machado, Caio Graco ; Maianne, Monique ; Gomez, Oscar Marin- ; Marquez-Luna, Ubaldo ; Mendes, Ruara Soares ; Mesa, Juan Guillermo ; Oliveira, Rafael ; Lima-Passos, Jeane ; Pereira, Janayna Andreza S. ; Restrepo-Gonzalez, Alejandro ; Rigotto, Sarah Mendonca ; Rodrigues, Bruno Magro ; Rui, Ana Maria ; Ruiz, Diana Betancur ; Sandoval, Luis ; Santana, Carina Araujo ; Silva, Jessica Luiza S. ; Silva, Larissa Lais ; Santos, Vinicius Calda ; Silva, Paulo Antonio ; Vargas-Espinosa, Maria Cristina ; Vitorino, Breno Dias ; Wolowski, Marina ; Sazima, Ivan ; Sazima, Marlies ; Dalsgaard, Bo ; Vizentin-Bugoni, Jeferson ; Oliveira, Paulo E.

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; v. 121, n. 48, p. 9-pg., 2024-11-26.

Resumo

Urbanization has reshaped the distribution of biodiversity on Earth, but we are only beginning to understand its effects on ecological communities. While urbanization may have homogenization effects strong enough to blur the large- scale patterns in interaction networks, urban community patterns may still be associated with climate gradients reflecting large- scale biogeographical processes. Using 103 hummingbird-plant mutualistic networks across continental Americas, including 176 hummingbird and 1,180 plant species, we asked how urbanization affects species interactions over large climate gradients. Urban networks were more generalized, exhibiting greater interaction overlap. Higher generalization was also associated with lower precipitation in both urban and natural areas, indicating that climate affects networks irrespective of habitat type. Urban habitats also showed lower hummingbird functional trait diversity and over/ underrepresentation of specific clades. From the plant side, urban communities had a higher prevalence of nonnative nectar plants, which were more frequently visited by the hummingbird species occurring in both urban and natural areas. Therefore, urbanization affected hummingbird-plant interactions through both the composition of species and traits, as well as floral resource availability. Taken together, we show that urbanization consistently modifies ecological communities and their interactions, but climate still plays a role in affecting the structure of these novel communities over the scale of continents. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 15/21457-4 - Ligando padrões macroecológicos em redes ecológicas a atributos funcionais das espécies: redes de plantas e beija-flores nas Américas
• Beneficiário: Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama Mendonça
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 21/10639-5 - Centro de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Mudanças do Clima
• Beneficiário: Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão - CEPIDs