Interaction between Mutualisms: Ant-Tended Butterflies Exploit Enemy-Free Space Provided by Ant-Treehopper Associations

Autor(es)

Kaminski, Lucas A. ^[1] ; Freitas, Andre V. L. ^[2] ; Oliveira, Paulo S. ^[2]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Programa Posgrad Ecol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Anim, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: American Naturalist; v. 176, n. 3, p. 322-334, SEP 2010.
• Citações Web of Science: 43

Resumo

Although mutualisms have been intensively investigated, demonstration of indirect effects between co-occurring mutualistic systems is rare. For instance, the ecological consequences of co-occurrence of ant-tended insects on a plant have never been examined for survival effects on either trophobiont species. Here, we assess the selective pressures mediating co-occurrence of a facultative ant-tended butterfly (Parrhasius polibetes) with ant-tended treehoppers (Guayaquila xiphias) on Schefflera vinosa shrubs. We evaluated host plant selection and caterpillar survival in P. polibetes in the presence and absence of ant-treehopper associations. Paired trials revealed that butterflies preferably oviposit on branches hosting ant-tended treehoppers when they had a choice between those and branches without this interaction. Presence of ant-tended treehoppers on a branch reduced the abundance of P. polibetes' natural enemies and improved caterpillar survival in both premyrmecophylic and ant-tended phases. Thus ant-tended treehoppers create an enemy-free space on foliage that butterflies exploit to protect larval offspring. These findings connect two widely documented ant-trophobiont mutualisms and highlight the importance of considering multiple interactions for a proper understanding of ant-plant-herbivore systems. Detection of other ant-based mutualisms on oviposition to improve offspring survival may have represented an important evolutionary step in the process of host plant selection in facultative myrmecophilous butterflies. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 00/01484-1 - Borboletas como indicadores ambientais: monitoramento com Nymphalidae (Eurytelinae e Satyrinae)
• Beneficiário: André Victor Lucci Freitas
• Linha de fomento: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 98/05101-8 - Lepidoptera do Estado de São Paulo: diversidade, distribuição de recursos e uso para análise e monitoramento ambiental
• Beneficiário: Keith Spalding Brown Junior
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 08/54058-1 - Ecologia e comportamento de formigas neotropicais
• Beneficiário: Paulo Sergio Moreira Carvalho de Oliveira
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 04/05269-9 - Borboletas da Mata Atlântica: biogeografia e sistemática como ferramentas de conservação de biodiversidade
• Beneficiário: André Victor Lucci Freitas
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Apoio a Jovens Pesquisadores