Speciation with gene flow in whiptail lizards from a Neotropical xeric biome

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Oliveira, Eliana F. ^[1] ; Gehara, Marcelo ^[2] ; Sao-Pedro, Vinicius A. ^[1] ; Chen, Xin ^{[3, 4]} ; Myers, Edward A. ^{[3, 4]} ; Burbrink, Frank T. ^{[5, 3, 4]} ; Mesquita, Daniel O. ^[6] ; Garda, Adrian A. ^[7] ; Colli, Guarino R. ^[8] ; Rodrigues, Miguel T. ^[9] ; Arias, Federico J. ^[9] ; Zaher, Hussam ^[10] ; Santos, Rodrigo M. L. ^[9] ; Costa, Gabriel C. ^[11]

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^[1] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Posgrad Ecol, BR-59072970 Natal, RN - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Posgrad Sistemat & Evolucao, BR-59072970 Natal, RN - Brazil

^[3] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, Staten Isl, NY 10314 - USA

^[4] CUNY, Grad Sch, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10016 - USA

^[5] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Herpetol, New York, NY 10024 - USA

^[6] Univ Fed Paraiba, Dept Sistemat & Ecol, BR-5800000 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba - Brazil

^[7] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Biociencias, BR-59072970 Natal, RN - Brazil

^[8] Univ Brasilia, Dept Zool, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF - Brazil

^[9] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Zool, BR-05422970 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[10] Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, BR-04263000 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[11] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Ecol, BR-59072970 Natal, RN - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Molecular Ecology; v. 24, n. 23, p. 5957-5975, DEC 2015.
• Citações Web of Science: 19

Resumo

Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain the diversification of the Caatinga biota. The riverine barrier hypothesis (RBH) claims that the SAo Francisco River (SFR) is a major biogeographic barrier to gene flow. The Pleistocene climatic fluctuation hypothesis (PCH) states that gene flow, geographic genetic structure and demographic signatures on endemic Caatinga taxa were influenced by Quaternary climate fluctuation cycles. Herein, we analyse genetic diversity and structure, phylogeographic history, and diversification of a widespread Caatinga lizard (Cnemidophorus ocellifer) based on large geographical sampling for multiple loci to test the predictions derived from the RBH and PCH. We inferred two well-delimited lineages (Northeast and Southwest) that have diverged along the Cerrado-Caatinga border during the Mid-Late Miocene (6-14Ma) despite the presence of gene flow. We reject both major hypotheses proposed to explain diversification in the Caatinga. Surprisingly, our results revealed a striking complex diversification pattern where the Northeast lineage originated as a founder effect from a few individuals located along the edge of the Southwest lineage that eventually expanded throughout the Caatinga. The Southwest lineage is more diverse, older and associated with the Cerrado-Caatinga boundaries. Finally, we suggest that C.ocellifer from the Caatinga is composed of two distinct species. Our data support speciation in the presence of gene flow and highlight the role of environmental gradients in the diversification process. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 11/50146-6 - Filogeografia comparada, filogenia, modelagem paleoclimática e taxonomia de répteis e anfíbios neotropicais
• Beneficiário: Miguel Trefaut Urbano Rodrigues
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 12/02212-2 - Taxonomia, sistemática e filogenia do grupo de Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Squamata: Teiidae), em base a caracteres morfológicos e moleculares
• Beneficiário: Federico José Arias
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado