Genetic diversity and population structure of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) in the Pantanal, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Brazil

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Maciel, Fernanda de Goes ^[1] ; Rufo, Danilo Aqueu ^[2] ; Keuroghlian, Alexine ^[3] ; Russo, Anna Carolina ^[1] ; Brandt, Nathalia Moreschi ^[1] ; Vieira, Nataly Fernandes ^[1] ; da Nobrega, Bruna Moura ^[1] ; Nava, Alessandra ^[4] ; Nardi, Marcello Schiavo ^[5] ; de Almeida Jacomo, Anah Tereza ^[6] ; Silveira, Leandro ^[6] ; Furtado, Mariana Malzoni ^[6] ; Torres, Natalia Mundim ^{[6, 7]} ; Miyaki, Cristina Yumi ^[2] ; Tambosi, Leandro Reverberi ^[8] ; Biondo, Cibele ^[1]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] UFABC, CCNH, Alameda Univ S-N, BR-09606045 Sao Bernardo Do Campo, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Genet & Biol Evolut, Rua Matao 277, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[3] Peccary Project, Rua Spipe Calarge 2355, BR-79052070 Campo Grande, MS - Brazil

^[4] FIOCRUZ Amazonia, Inst Leonidas & Maria Deane, Rua Terezina 476, Manaus, Amazonas - Brazil

^[5] Div Tecn Med Vet & Manejo Fauna Silvestre SVMA, Av 4 Centenario, Porta 7A, Parque Ibirapuera, BR-04030000 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[6] Inst Onca Pintada, Jaguar Conservat Fund, Caixa Postal 193, BR-75830000 Mineiros, Go - Brazil

^[7] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, Av Para 1720, Bloco 2D, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG - Brazil

^[8] Univ Fed Abc, Ctr Engn Modelagem & Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas C, Ave Estados 5001, BR-09210580 Santo Andre, SP - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Mammalian Biology; v. 95, p. 85-92, MAR 2019.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

In general, habitat fragmentation is associated with a reduction in gene flow that can reduce the genetic diversity, and, consequently, a species ability to survive environmental changes. The white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) is a Neotropical ecosystem engineer that is vulnerable throughout its distribution area and under different degrees of threat in the Brazilian Pantanal (near threatened), Cerrado (endangered) and Atlantic Forest (critically endangered). We used 13 microsatellite loci to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 361 white-lipped peccaries sampled in four areas in the Pantanal, two areas in the Cerrado, and one area in the Atlantic Forest. We found similar levels of genetic diversity in all localities. Bayesian clustering analysis indicated the presence of two (K = 2; all Pantanal localities plus the Cerrado locality at the Pantanal highlands versus the other Cerrado locality plus the Atlantic Forest one) or three (K = 3; with the additional differentiation between the Cerrado locality and the Atlantic Forest) genetically differentiated populations. We found a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) limited by dispersal events of up to 180 km. This IBD pattern is congruent with gene flow between the geographically closer localities in the Pantanal and the Cerrado in the Pantanal highlands (25-137 km), while dispersal between the other Cerrado locality and the Atlantic Forest, that are 500 km apart, would not be as feasible. Therefore, we considered K = 3 as the best scenario to represent the genetic structure of the populations analyzed. As all populations of white-lipped peccary showed moderate levels of genetic diversity, conservation actions are recommended to maintain their diversity, as it is vital to the long-term viability of these populations, especially those in more threatened biomes. (C) 2019 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 09/12989-1 - Reconstrução da história evolutiva e estudos filogeográficos da avifauna neotropical utilizando marcadores moleculares II
• Beneficiário: Cristina Yumi Miyaki
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 13/50297-0 - Dimensions US-BIOTA São Paulo: integrando disciplinas para a predição da biodiversidade da Floresta Atlântica no Brasil
• Beneficiário: Cristina Yumi Miyaki
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 15/20133-0 - Avaliação demográfica, genética e sanitária da queixada (Tayassu pecari), uma espécie-chave e ameaçada, em dois dos seus últimos locais de ocorrência na Mata Atlântica
• Beneficiário: Cibele Biondo
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular