A 3-Year Sample of Almost 1,600 Elves Recorded Above South America by the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory

Autor(es):Mostrar menos -

Aab, A. ^[1] ; Abreu, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aglietta, M. ^{[4, 5]} ; Albuquerque, I. F. M. ^[6] ; Albury, J. M. ^[7] ; Allekotte, I ^{[8, 9]} ; Almela, A. ^{[10, 11]} ; Alvarez Castillo, J. ^[12] ; Alvarez-Muniz, J. ^[13] ; Anastasi, G. A. ^{[14, 15]} ; Anchordoqui, L. ^[16] ; Andrada, B. ^[11] ; Andringa, S. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aramo, C. ^[17] ; Asorey, H. ^{[8, 9, 18]} ; Assis, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Avila, G. ^{[19, 20]} ; Badescu, A. M. ^[21] ; Bakalova, A. ^[22] ; Balaceanu, A. ^[23] ; Barbato, F. ^{[17, 24]} ; Barreira Luz, R. J. ^{[2, 3]} ; Baur, S. ^[25] ; Becker, K. H. ^[26] ; Bellido, J. A. ^[7] ; Berat, C. ^[27] ; Bertaina, M. E. ^{[5, 28]} ; Bertou, X. ^{[8, 9]} ; Biermann, P. L. ^[29] ; Biteau, J. ^[30] ; Blaess, S. G. ^[7] ; Blanco, A. ^{[2, 3]} ; Blazek, J. ^[22] ; Bleve, C. ^{[31, 32]} ; Bohacova, M. ^[22] ; Boncioli, D. ^{[14, 15]} ; Bonifazi, C. ^[33] ; Borodai, N. ^[34] ; Botti, A. M. ^[11] ; Brack, J. ^[35] ; Bretz, T. ^[36] ; Bridgeman, A. ^[37] ; Briechle, F. L. ^[36] ; Buchholz, P. ^[38] ; Bueno, A. ^{[39, 40]} ; Buitink, S. ^[41] ; Buscemi, M. ^{[42, 43]} ; Caballero-Mora, K. S. ^[44] ; Caccianiga, L. ^[45] ; Calcagni, L. ^{[46, 47]} ; Cancio, A. ^{[10, 11]} ; Canfora, F. ^{[1, 48]} ; Carceller, J. M. ^{[39, 40]} ; Caruso, R. ^{[42, 43]} ; Castellina, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Catalani, F. ^[49] ; Cataldi, G. ^[32] ; Cazon, L. ^{[2, 3]} ; Cerda, M. ^[19] ; Chinellato, J. A. ^[50] ; Chudoba, J. ^[22] ; Chytka, L. ^[51] ; Clay, R. W. ^[7] ; Cobos Cerutti, A. C. ^{[52, 53]} ; Colalillo, R. ^{[17, 24]} ; Coleman, A. ^[54] ; Coluccia, M. R. ^{[31, 32]} ; Conceicao, R. ^{[2, 3]} ; Condorelli, A. ^{[14, 15]} ; Consolati, G. ^{[55, 56]} ; Contreras, F. ^{[19, 20]} ; Cooper, M. J. ^[7] ; Coutu, S. ^[54] ; Covault, C. E. ^[57] ; Daniel, B. ^[50] ; Dasso, S. ^{[58, 59, 60, 61]} ; Daumiller, K. ^[25] ; Dawson, B. R. ^[7] ; Day, J. A. ^[7] ; de Almeida, R. M. ^[62] ; de Jong, S. J. ^{[1, 48]} ; Mauro, G. ^{[1, 48]} ; de Mello Neto, J. R. T. ^{[33, 63]} ; Mitri, I ^{[14, 15]} ; de Oliveira, J. ^[62] ; de Oliveira Salles, F. O. ^[64] ; de Souza, V ^[65] ; Debatin, J. ^[37] ; del Rio, M. ^{[19, 20]} ; Deligny, O. ^[30] ; Dhital, N. ^[34] ; Diaz Castro, M. L. ^[50] ; Diogo, F. ^{[2, 3]} ; Dobrigkeit, C. ^[50] ; D'Olivo, J. C. ^[12] ; DOrosti, Q. ^[38] ; dos Anjos, R. C. ^[66] ; Dova, M. T. ^{[46, 47]} ; Dundovic, A. ^[67] ; Ebr, J. ^[22] ; Engel, R. ^[37] ; Erdmann, M. ^[36] ; Escobar, C. O. ^[68] ; Etchegoyen, A. ^{[10, 11]} ; Falcke, H. ^{[1, 69, 48]} ; Farmer, J. ^[70] ; Farrar, G. ^[71] ; Fauth, A. C. ^[50] ; Fazzini, N. ^[68] ; Feldbusch, F. ^[72] ; Fenu, F. ^{[5, 28]} ; Ferreyro, L. P. ^[11] ; Figueira, J. M. ^[11] ; Filipcic, A. ^{[73, 74]} ; Freire, M. M. ^{[75, 76]} ; Fujii, T. ^{[70, 77, 78]} ; Fuster, A. ^{[10, 11]} ; Garcia, B. ^{[52, 53]} ; Gemmeke, H. ^[72] ; Gherghel-Lascu, A. ^[23] ; Ghia, P. L. ^[30] ; Giaccari, U. ^[64] ; Giammarchi, M. ^[55] ; Giller, M. ^[79] ; Glas, D. ^[80] ; Glombitza, J. ^[36] ; Gobbi, F. ^[19] ; Golup, G. ^{[8, 9]} ; Gomez Berisso, M. ^{[8, 9]} ; Gomez Vitale, P. F. ^{[19, 20]} ; Gongora, J. P. ^[19] ; Gonzalez, N. ^[11] ; Goos, I ^{[25, 8, 9]} ; Gora, D. ^[34] ; Gorgi, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Gottowik, M. ^[26] ; Grubb, T. D. ^[7] ; Guarino, F. ^{[17, 24]} ; Guedes, G. P. ^[81] ; Guido, E. ^{[5, 28]} ; Halliday, R. ^[57] ; Hampel, M. R. ^[11] ; Hansen, P. ^{[46, 47]} ; Harari, D. ^{[8, 9]} ; Harrison, T. A. ^[7] ; Harvey, V. M. ^[7] ; Haungs, A. ^[25] ; Hebbeker, T. ^[36] ; Heck, D. ^[25] ; Heimann, P. ^[38] ; Hill, G. C. ^[7] ; Hojvat, C. ^[68] ; Holt, E. M. ^[37] ; Homola, P. ^[34] ; Horandel, J. R. ^{[1, 48]} ; Horvath, P. ^[51] ; Hrabovsky, M. ^[51] ; Huege, T. ^{[25, 41]} ; Hulsman, J. ^{[25, 11]} ; Insolia, A. ^{[42, 43]} ; Isar, P. G. ^[82] ; Jandt, I ^[26] ; Johnsen, J. A. ^[83] ; Josebachuili, M. ^[11] ; Jurysek, J. ^[22] ; Kaapa, A. ^[26] ; Kampert, K. H. ^[26] ; Keilhauer, B. ^[25] ; Kemmerich, N. ^[6] ; Kemp, J. ^[36] ; Klages, H. O. ^[25] ; Kleifges, M. ^[72] ; Kleinfeller, J. ^[19] ; Krause, R. ^[36] ; Kuempel, D. ^[26] ; Mezek, G. Kukec ^[74] ; Awad, A. Kuotb ^[37] ; Lago, B. L. ^[84] ; LaHurd, D. ^[57] ; Lang, R. G. ^[65] ; Legumina, R. ^[79] ; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. ^[85] ; Lenok, V ^[25] ; Letessier-Selvon, A. ^{[86, 87]} ; Lhenry-Yvon, I ^[30] ; Lippmann, O. C. ^[64] ; Lo Presti, D. ^{[42, 43]} ; Lopes, L. ^{[2, 3]} ; Lopez, R. ^[88] ; Lopez Casado, A. ^[13] ; Lorek, R. ^[57] ; Luce, Q. ^[30] ; Lucero, A. ^[11] ; Malacari, M. ^[70] ; Mancarella, G. ^{[31, 32]} ; Mandat, D. ^[22] ; Manning, B. C. ^[7] ; Mantsch, P. ^[68] ; Mariazzi, A. G. ^{[46, 47]} ; Maris, I. C. ^[89] ; Marsella, G. ^{[31, 32]} ; Martello, D. ^{[31, 32]} ; Martinez, H. ^[90] ; Martinez Bravo, O. ^[88] ; Mastrodicasa, M. ^{[14, 91]} ; Mathes, H. J. ^[25] ; Mathys, S. ^[26] ; Matthews, J. M. ^[92] ; Matthiae, G. ^{[93, 94]} ; Mayotte, E. ^[26] ; Mazur, P. O. ^[68] ; Medina-Tanco, G. ^[12] ; Melo, D. ^[11] ; Menshikov, A. ^[72] ; Merenda, K-D ^[83] ; Michal, S. ^[51] ; Micheletti, I, M. ; Middendorf, L. ^[36] ; Miramonti, L. ^{[45, 55]} ; Mitrica, B. ^[23] ; Mockler, D. ^[37] ; Mollerach, S. ^{[8, 9]} ; Montanet, F. ^[27] ; Morello, C. ^{[4, 5]} ; Morlino, G. ^{[14, 15]} ; Mostafa, M. ^[54] ; Mueller, A. L. ^{[25, 11]} ; Muller, M. A. ^{[50, 95]} ; Mueller, S. ^[37] ; Mussa, R. ^[5] ; Nellen, L. ^[12] ; Nguyen, P. H. ^[7] ; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. ^[23] ; Niechciol, M. ^[38] ; Nitz, D. ^{[96, 97]} ; Nosek, D. ^[98] ; Novotny, V ^[98] ; Nozka, L. ^[51] ; Nucita, A. ^{[31, 32]} ; Nunez, L. A. ^[18] ; Olinto, A. ^[70] ; Palatka, M. ^[22] ; Pallotta, J. ^{[99, 100]} ; Panetta, M. P. ^{[31, 32]} ; Papenbreer, P. ^[26] ; Parente, G. ^[13] ; Parra, A. ^[88] ; Pech, M. ^[22] ; Pedreira, F. ^[13] ; Pekala, J. ^[34] ; Pelayo, R. ^[101] ; Pena-Rodriguez, J. ^[18] ; Pereira, L. A. S. ^[50] ; Perlin, M. ^[11] ; Perrone, L. ^{[31, 32]} ; Peters, C. ^[36] ; Petrera, S. ^{[14, 15]} ; Phuntsok, J. ^[54] ; Pierog, T. ^[25] ; Pimenta, M. ^{[2, 3]} ; Pirronello, V ^{[42, 43]} ; Platino, M. ^[11] ; Poh, J. ^[70] ; Pont, B. ^[1] ; Porowski, C. ^[34] ; Prado, R. R. ^[65] ; Privitera, P. ; Prouza, M. ^[22] ; Puyleart, A. ^[96] ; Querchfeld, S. ^[26] ; Quinn, S. ^[57] ; Ramos-Pollan, R. ^[18] ; Rautenberg, J. ^[26] ; Ravignani, D. ^[11] ; Reininghaus, M. ^[25] ; Ridky, J. ^[22] ; Riehn, F. ^{[2, 3]} ; Risse, M. ^[38] ; Ristori, P. ^{[99, 100]} ; Rizi, V ^{[14, 91]} ; Rodrigues de Carvalho, W. ^[6] ; Rodriguez Rojo, J. ^[19] ; Roncoroni, M. J. ^[11] ; Roth, M. ^[25] ; Roulet, E. ^{[8, 9]} ; Rovero, A. C. ^[61] ; Ruehl, P. ^[38] ; Saffi, S. J. ^[7] ; Saftoiu, A. ^[23] ; Salamida, F. ^{[14, 91]} ; Salazar, H. ^[88] ; Salina, G. ^[94] ; Sanabria Gomez, J. D. ^[18] ; Sanchez, F. ^[11] ; Santos, E. M. ^[6] ; Santos, E. ^[22] ; Sarazin, F. ^[83] ; Sarmento, R. ^{[2, 3]} ; Sarmiento-Cano, C. ^[11] ; Sato, R. ^[19] ; Savina, P. ^{[31, 32]} ; Schauer, M. ^[26] ; Scherini, V ^[32] ; Schieler, H. ^[25] ; Schimassek, M. ^[37] ; Schimp, M. ^[26] ; Schlueter, F. ^[25] ; Schmidt, D. ^[37] ; Scholten, O. ^{[102, 41]} ; Schovanek, P. ^[22] ; Schroeder, F. G. ^{[25, 103]} ; Schroeder, S. ^[26] ; Schumacher, J. ^[36] ; Sciutto, S. J. ^{[46, 47]} ; Scornavacche, M. ^[11] ; Shellard, R. C. ^[64] ; Sigl, G. ^[67] ; Silli, G. ^{[25, 11]} ; Sima, O. ^{[23, 104]} ; Smida, R. ^[70] ; Snow, G. R. ^[105] ; Sommers, P. ^[54] ; Soriano, J. 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D. ^{[46, 47]} ; Verzi, V. ^[94] ; Vicha, J. ^[22] ; Villasenor, L. ^[88] ; Vink, J. ^[107] ; Vorobiov, S. ^[74] ; Wahlberg, H. ^{[46, 47]} ; Watson, A. A. ^[108] ; Weber, M. ^[72] ; Weindl, A. ^[25] ; Wiedenski, M. ^[80] ; Wiencke, L. ^[83] ; Wilczynski, H. ^[34] ; Winchen, T. ^[41] ; Wirtz, M. ^[36] ; Wittkowski, D. ^[26] ; Wundheiler, B. ^[11] ; Yang, L. ^[74] ; Yushkov, A. ^[22] ; Zas, E. ^[13] ; Zavrtanik, D. ^{[73, 74]} ; Zavrtanik, M. ^{[73, 74]} ; Zehrer, L. ^[74] ; Zepeda, A. ^[90] ; Zimmermann, B. ^[25] ; Ziolkowski, M. ^[38] ; Zong, Z. ^[30] ; Zuccarello, F. ^{[42, 43]}

Afiliação do(s) autor(es):Mostrar menos -

^[1] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Nijmegen - Netherlands

^[2] Univ Lisboa UL, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, Lisbon - Portugal

^[3] Univ Lisboa UL, Inst Super Tecn IST, Lisbon - Portugal

^[4] Osservatorio Astrofis Torino INAF, Turin - Italy

^[5] INFN, Sez Torino, Turin - Italy

^[6] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[7] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA - Australia

^[8] Ctr Atom Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina

^[9] Inst Balseiro CNEA UNCuyo CONICET, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina

^[10] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[11] UNSAM, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas CNEA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[12] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[13] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Galego Fis Altas Enerxias IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela - Spain

^[14] INFN, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Laquila - Italy

^[15] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Laquila - Italy

^[16] CUNY, Dept Phys & Astron, Lehman Coll, Bronx, NY - USA

^[17] INFN, Sez Napoli, Naples - Italy

^[18] Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga - Colombia

^[19] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue - Argentina

^[20] Comis Nacl Engia Atom, Malargue - Argentina

^[21] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest - Romania

^[22] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[23] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest - Romania

^[24] Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Fis Ettore Pancini, Naples - Italy

^[25] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[26] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Wuppertal - Germany

^[27] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Inst Engn, CNRS, LPSC IN2P3, Grenoble - France

^[28] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Turin - Italy

^[29] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Bonn - Germany

^[30] Univ Paris Sud, Univ Paris Saclay, Inst Phys Nucl Orsay IPNO, CNRS IN2P3, Orsay - France

^[31] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis E De Giorgi, Lecce - Italy

^[32] INFN, Sez Lecce, Lecce - Italy

^[33] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[34] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow - Poland

^[35] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[36] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen - Germany

^[37] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Expt Particle Phys ETP, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[38] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys Expt Teilchenphys 7, Siegen - Germany

^[39] Univ Granada, Granada - Spain

^[40] CAFPE, Granada - Spain

^[41] Vrije Univ Brussels, Brussels - Belgium

^[42] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Catania - Italy

^[43] INFN, Sez Catania, Catania - Italy

^[44] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas - Mexico

^[45] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan - Italy

^[46] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata - Argentina

^[47] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata - Argentina

^[48] Natl Inst Kernfys Hoge Energie Fys NIKHEF, Sci Pk, Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[49] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engn Lorena, Lorena, SP - Brazil

^[50] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[51] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, Olomouc - Czech Republic

^[52] UNSAM, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas CNEA, CONICET, Mendoza - Argentina

^[53] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Mendoza CONICE CNEA, Mendoza - Argentina

^[54] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA

^[55] INFN, Sez Milano, Milan - Italy

^[56] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Aerosp, Milan - Italy

^[57] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 - USA

^[58] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[59] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Fis, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[60] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[61] CONICET UBA, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio IAFE, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[62] Univ Fed Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ - Brazil

^[63] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Observ Valongo, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[64] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[65] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[66] Univ Fed Parana, Setor Palotina, Palotina - Brazil

^[67] Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Hamburg - Germany

^[68] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 - USA

^[69] Stichting Astron Onderzoek Nederland ASTRON, Dwingeloo - Netherlands

^[70] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 - USA

^[71] NYU, New York, NY - USA

^[72] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[73] J Stefan Inst, Expt Particle Phys Dept, Ljubljana - Slovenia

^[74] Univ Nova Gorica, Ctr Astrophys & Cosmol CAC, Nova Gorica - Slovenia

^[75] I, Inst Fis Rosario IFIR CONICET UNR, Rosario - Argentina

^[76] I, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut UNR, Rosario - Argentina

^[77] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Kyoto - Japan

^[78] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto - Japan

^[79] Univ Lodz, Fac Astrophys, Lodz - Poland

^[80] Univ Lodz, Fac High Energy Astrophys, Lodz - Poland

^[81] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA - Brazil

^[82] Inst Space Sci, Bucharest - Romania

^[83] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 - USA

^[84] Ctr Fed Educ Tecnol Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo - Brazil

^[85] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP - Brazil

^[86] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris - France

^[87] Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies LPNHE, Paris - France

^[88] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla - Mexico

^[89] Univ Libre Bruxelles ULB, Brussels - Belgium

^[90] IPN, CINVESTAV, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[91] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Chim, Laquila - Italy

^[92] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 - USA

^[93] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Rome - Italy

^[94] INFN, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy

^[95] Univ Fed Alfenas, Pocos De Caldas - Brazil

^[96] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 - USA

^[97] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[98] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[99] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Villa Martelli - Argentina

^[100] CITEDEF, Ctr Invest Laseres & Aplicac, Villa Martelli - Argentina

^[101] IPN, Unidad Profes Interdisciplinaria Ingn & Tecnol Av, Inst Politecn Nacl, UPIITA IPN, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[102] Univ Groningen, KVI Ctr Adv Radiat Technol, Groningen - Netherlands

^[103] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 - USA

^[104] Univ Bucharest, Phys Dept, Bucharest - Romania

^[105] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE - USA

^[106] Univ Medellin, Medellin - Colombia

^[107] Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[108] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds, W Yorkshire - England

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE; v. 7, n. 4 APR 2020.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Elves are a class of transient luminous events, with a radial extent typically greater than 250km, that occur in the lower ionosphere above strong electrical storms. We report the observation of 1,598 elves, from 2014 to 2016, recorded with unprecedented time resolution (100 ns) using the fluorescence detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory. The Auger Observatory is located in the Mendoza province of Argentina with a viewing footprint for elve observations of 3106km 2, reaching areas above the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, as well as the Cordoba region, which is known for severe convective thunderstorms. Primarily designed for ultrahigh energy cosmic-ray observations, the Auger FD turns out to be very sensitive to the ultraviolet emission in elves. The detector features modified Schmidt optics with large apertures resulting in a field of view that spans the horizon, and year-round operation on dark nights with low moonlight background, when the local weather is favorable. The measured light profiles of 18% of the elve events have more than one peak, compatible with intracloud activity. Within the 3-year sample, 72% of the elves correlate with the far-field radiation measurements of the World Wide Lightning Location Network. The Auger Observatory plans to continue operations until at least 2025, including elve observations and analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this observatory is the only facility on Earth that measures elves with year-round operation and full horizon coverage. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 10/07359-6 - Estudo dos raios cósmicos de mais altas energias com o Observatório Pierre Auger
• Beneficiário: Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 99/05404-3 - Observatório Pierre Auger
• Beneficiário: Carlos Ourivio Escobar
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático