Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between 2x 1017 and 2x 1018 eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Autor(es):Mostrar menos -

Aab, A. ^[1] ; Abreu, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aglietta, M. ^{[4, 5]} ; Albury, J. M. ^[6] ; Allekotte, I ^{[7, 8]} ; Almela, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Castillo, J. Alvarez ^[11] ; Alvarez-Muniz, J. ^[12] ; Anastasi, G. A. ^{[4, 13]} ; Anchordoqui, L. ^[14] ; Andrada, B. ^[10] ; Andringa, S. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aramo, C. ^[15] ; Ferreira, P. R. Araujo ^[16] ; Asorey, H. ^[10] ; Assis, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Avila, G. ^{[17, 18]} ; Badescu, A. M. ^[19] ; Bakalova, A. ^[20] ; Balaceanu, A. ^[21] ; Barbato, F. ^{[15, 22]} ; Luz, R. J. Barreira ^{[2, 3]} ; Becker, K. H. ^[23] ; Bellido, J. A. ^[6] ; Berat, C. ^{[24, 25]} ; Bertaina, M. E. ^{[4, 13]} ; Bertou, X. ^{[7, 8]} ; Biermann, P. L. ^[26] ; Bister, T. ^[16] ; Biteau, J. ^[27] ; Blanco, A. ^{[2, 3]} ; Blazek, J. ^[20] ; Bleve, C. ^{[24, 25]} ; Bohacova, M. ^[20] ; Boncioli, D. ^[28] ; Bonifazi, C. ^[29] ; Arbeletche, L. Bonneau ^[30] ; Borodai, N. ^[31] ; Botti, A. M. ^[10] ; Brack, J. ^[32] ; Bretz, T. ^[16] ; Briechle, F. L. ^[16] ; Buchholz, P. ^[33] ; Bueno, A. ^{[34, 35]} ; Buitink, S. ^[36] ; Buscemi, M. ^{[37, 38]} ; Caballero-Mora, K. S. ^[39] ; Caccianiga, L. ^[40] ; Calcagni, L. ^{[41, 42]} ; Cancio, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Canfora, F. ^{[1, 43]} ; Caracas, I ^[23] ; Carceller, J. M. ^{[34, 35]} ; Caruso, R. ^{[37, 38]} ; Castellina, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Catalani, F. ^[44] ; Cataldi, G. ^[45] ; Cazon, L. ^{[2, 3]} ; Cerda, M. ^[17] ; Chinellato, J. A. ^[46] ; Choi, K. ^[47] ; Chudoba, J. ^[20] ; Chytka, L. ^[48] ; Clay, R. W. ^[6] ; Cerutti, A. C. Cobos ^{[49, 50]} ; Colalillo, R. ^{[15, 22]} ; Coleman, A. ^[51] ; Coluccia, M. R. ^{[52, 45]} ; Conceicao, R. ^{[2, 3]} ; Condorelli, A. ^{[28, 53]} ; Consolati, G. ^{[54, 55]} ; Contreras, F. ^{[17, 18]} ; Convenga, F. ^{[52, 45]} ; Covault, C. E. ^{[56, 57]} ; Dasso, S. ^{[58, 59, 60, 61]} ; Daumiller, K. ^[62] ; Dawson, B. R. ^[6] ; Day, J. A. ^[6] ; de Almeida, R. M. ^[63] ; de Jesus, J. ^{[62, 10]} ; de Jong, S. J. ^{[1, 43]} ; De Mauro, G. ^{[1, 43]} ; Neto, J. R. T. de Mello ^{[29, 64]} ; De Mitri, I ^{[28, 53]} ; de Oliveira, J. ^[63] ; Franco, D. de Oliveira ^[46] ; de Souza, V ^[65] ; Debatin, J. ^[66] ; del Rio, M. ^{[17, 18]} ; Deligny, O. ^[27] ; Dhital, N. ^[31] ; Di Matteo, A. ^[4] ; Castro, M. L. Diaz ^[46] ; Dobrigkeit, C. ^[46] ; D'Olivo, J. C. ^[11] ; Dorosti, Q. ^[33] ; dos Anjos, R. C. ^[67] ; Dova, M. T. ^{[41, 42]} ; Ebr, J. ^[20] ; Engel, R. ^{[62, 66]} ; Epicoco, I ^{[52, 45]} ; Erdmann, M. ^[16] ; Escobar, C. O. ^[68] ; Etchegoyen, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Falcke, H. ^{[1, 69, 43]} ; Farmer, J. ^[70] ; Farrar, G. ^[71] ; Fauth, A. C. ^[46] ; Fazzini, N. ^[68] ; Feldbusch, F. ^[72] ; Fenu, F. ^{[4, 13]} ; Fick, B. ^[73] ; Figueira, J. M. ^[10] ; Filipcic, A. ^{[74, 75]} ; Freire, M. M. ^{[76, 77]} ; Fujii, T. ^{[70, 78, 79]} ; Fuster, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Galea, C. ^[1] ; Galelli, C. ^{[40, 54]} ; Garcia, B. ^{[49, 50]} ; Vegas, A. L. Garcia ^[16] ; Gemmeke, H. ^[72] ; Gesualdi, F. ^{[62, 10]} ; Gherghel-Lascu, A. ^[21] ; Ghia, P. L. ^[27] ; Giaccari, U. ^[1] ; Giammarchi, M. ^[54] ; Giller, M. ^[80] ; Glombitza, J. ^[16] ; Gobbi, F. ^[17] ; Golup, G. ^{[7, 8]} ; Berisso, M. Gomez ^{[7, 8]} ; Vitale, P. F. Gomez ^{[17, 18]} ; Gongora, J. P. ^[17] ; Gonzalez, N. ^[10] ; Goos, I ^{[7, 62, 8]} ; Gora, D. ^[31] ; Gorgi, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Gottowik, M. ^[23] ; Grubb, T. D. ^[6] ; Guarino, F. ^{[15, 22]} ; Guedes, G. P. ^[81] ; Guido, E. ^{[4, 13]} ; Hahn, S. ^{[62, 10]} ; Halliday, R. ^[56] ; Hampel, M. R. ^[10] ; Hansen, P. ^{[41, 42]} ; Harari, D. ^{[7, 8]} ; Harvey, V. M. ^[6] ; Haungs, A. ^[62] ; Hebbeker, T. ^[16] ; Heck, D. ^[62] ; Hill, G. C. ^[6] ; Hojvat, C. ^[68] ; Horandel, J. R. ^{[1, 43]} ; Horvath, P. ^[48] ; Hrabovsky, M. ^[48] ; Huege, T. ^{[62, 36]} ; Hulsman, J. ^{[62, 10]} ; Insolia, A. ^{[37, 38]} ; Isar, P. G. ^[82] ; Johnsen, J. A. ^[83] ; Jurysek, J. ^[20] ; Kaapa, A. ^[23] ; Kampert, K. H. ^[23] ; Keilhauer, B. ^[62] ; Kemp, J. ^[16] ; Klages, H. O. ^[62] ; Kleifges, M. ^[72] ; Kleinfeller, J. ^[17] ; Koepke, M. ^[66] ; Mezek, G. Kukec ^[75] ; Lago, B. L. ^[84] ; LaHurd, D. ^[56] ; Lang, R. G. ^[65] ; de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui ^[85] ; Lenok, V ^[62] ; Letessier-Selvon, A. ^[86] ; Lhenry-Yvon, I ^[27] ; Lo Presti, D. ^{[37, 38]} ; Lopes, L. ^{[2, 3]} ; Lopez, R. ^[87] ; Casado, A. Lopez ^[12] ; Lorek, R. ^[56] ; Luce, Q. ^[66] ; Lucero, A. ^[10] ; Payeras, A. Machado ^[46] ; Malacari, M. ^[70] ; Mancarella, G. ^{[52, 45]} ; Mandat, D. ^[20] ; Manning, B. C. ^[6] ; Manshanden, J. ^[88] ; Mantsch, P. ^[68] ; Mariazzi, A. G. ^{[41, 42]} ; Maris, I. C. ^[47] ; Marsella, G. ^{[52, 45]} ; Martello, D. ^{[52, 45]} ; Martinez, H. ^[65] ; Bravo, O. Martinez ^[87] ; Mastrodicasa, M. ^{[28, 89]} ; Mathes, H. J. ^[62] ; Matthews, J. ^[90] ; Matthiae, G. ^{[91, 92]} ; Mayotte, E. ^[23] ; Mazur, P. O. ^[68] ; Medina-Tanco, G. ^[11] ; Melo, D. ^[10] ; Menshikov, A. ^[72] ; Merenda, K-D ^[83] ; Michal, S. ^[48] ; Micheletti, I, M. ; Miramonti, L. ^{[40, 54]} ; Mockler, D. ^[47] ; Mollerach, S. ^{[7, 8]} ; Montanet, F. ^{[24, 25]} ; Morello, C. ^{[4, 5]} ; Mostafa, M. ^[93] ; Mueller, A. L. ^{[62, 10]} ; Muller, M. A. ^{[46, 29, 94]} ; Mueller, S. ^[66] ; Mussa, R. ^[4] ; Muzio, M. ^[71] ; Namasaka, W. M. ^[23] ; Nellen, L. ^[11] ; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. ^[21] ; Niechciol, M. ^[33] ; Nitz, D. ^{[73, 95]} ; Nosek, D. ^[96] ; Novotny, V ^[96] ; Nozka, L. ^[48] ; Nucita, A. ^{[52, 45]} ; Nunez, L. A. ^[97] ; Palatka, M. ^[20] ; Pallotta, J. ^{[98, 99]} ; Panetta, M. P. ^{[52, 45]} ; Papenbreer, P. ^[23] ; Parente, G. ^[12] ; Parra, A. ^[87] ; Pech, M. ^[20] ; Pedreira, F. ^[12] ; Pekala, J. ^[31] ; Pelayo, R. ^[100] ; Pena-Rodriguez, J. ^[97] ; Armand, J. Perez ^[30] ; Perlin, M. ^{[62, 10]} ; Perrone, L. ^{[52, 45]} ; Peters, C. ^[16] ; Petrera, S. ^{[28, 53]} ; Pierog, T. ^[62] ; Pimenta, M. ^{[2, 3]} ; Pirronello, V ^{[37, 38]} ; Platino, M. ^[10] ; Pont, B. ^[1] ; Pothast, M. ^{[1, 43]} ; Privitera, P. ^[70] ; Prouza, M. ^[20] ; Puyleart, A. ^[73] ; Querchfeld, S. ^[23] ; Rautenberg, J. ^[23] ; Ravignani, D. ^[10] ; Reininghaus, M. ^{[62, 10]} ; Ridky, J. ^[20] ; Riehn, F. ^{[2, 3]} ; Risse, M. ^[33] ; Ristori, P. ^{[98, 99]} ; Rizi, V ^{[28, 89]} ; de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues ^[30] ; Rojo, J. Rodriguez ^[17] ; Roncoroni, M. J. ^[10] ; Roth, M. ^[62] ; Roulet, E. ^{[7, 8]} ; Rovero, A. C. ^[60] ; Ruehl, P. ^[33] ; Saffi, S. J. ^[6] ; Saftoiu, A. ^[21] ; Salamida, F. ^{[28, 89]} ; Salazar, H. ^[87] ; Salina, G. ^[91] ; Gomez, J. D. Sanabria ^[97] ; Sanchez, F. ^[10] ; Santos, E. M. ^[30] ; Santos, E. ^[20] ; Sarazin, F. ^[83] ; Sarmento, R. ^{[2, 3]} ; Sarmiento-Cano, C. ^[10] ; Sato, R. ^[17] ; Savina, P. ^{[52, 45, 27]} ; Schaefer, C. ^[62] ; Scherini, V ^[45] ; Schieler, H. ^[62] ; Schimassek, M. ^{[66, 10]} ; Schimp, M. ^[23] ; Schluter, F. ^{[62, 10]} ; Schmidt, D. ^[66] ; Scholten, O. ^{[101, 36]} ; Schovanek, P. ^[20] ; Schroder, F. G. ^{[62, 51]} ; Schroder, S. ^[23] ; Sciutto, S. J. ^{[41, 42]} ; Scornavacche, M. ^{[62, 10]} ; Shellard, R. C. ^[102] ; Sigl, G. ^[88] ; Silli, G. ^{[62, 10]} ; Sima, O. ^{[21, 57]} ; Smida, R. ^[70] ; Sommers, P. ^[93] ; Soriano, J. F. ^[14] ; Souchard, J. ^{[24, 25]} ; Squartini, R. ^[17] ; Stadelmaier, M. ^{[62, 10]} ; Stanca, D. ^[21] ; Stanic, S. ^[75] ; Stasielak, J. ^[31] ; Stassi, P. ^{[24, 25]} ; Streich, A. ^{[66, 10]} ; Suarez-Duran, M. ^[97] ; Sudholz, T. ^[6] ; Suomijarvi, T. ^[27] ; Supanitsky, A. D. ^[10] ; Supik, J. ^[48] ; Szadkowski, Z. ^[103] ; Taboada, A. ^[66] ; Taborda, O. A. ^{[7, 8]} ; Tapia, A. ^[104] ; Timmermans, C. ^{[1, 43]} ; Tobiska, P. ^[20] ; Peixoto, C. J. Todero ^[44] ; Tome, B. ^{[2, 3]} ; Elipe, G. Torralba ^[12] ; Travaini, A. ^[17] ; Travnicek, P. ^[20] ; Trimarelli, C. ^{[28, 89]} ; Trini, M. ^{[57, 75]} ; Tueros, M. ^{[41, 42]} ; Ulrich, R. ^[62] ; Unger, M. ^[62] ; Urban, M. ^[16] ; Vaclavek, L. ^[48] ; Galicia, J. F. Valdes ^[11] ; Valino, I ^{[28, 53]} ; Valore, L. ^{[15, 22]} ; van Vliet, A. ^[1] ; Varela, E. ^[87] ; Cardenas, B. Vargas ^[11] ; Vasquez-Ramirez, A. ^[97] ; Veberic, D. ^[62] ; Ventura, C. ^[64] ; Quispe, I. D. Vergara ^{[41, 42]} ; Verzi, V. ^[91] ; Vicha, J. ^[20] ; Villasenor, L. ^[87] ; Vink, J. ^[105] ; Vorobiov, S. ^[75] ; Wahlberg, H. ^{[41, 42]} ; Watson, A. A. ^[106] ; Weber, M. ^[72] ; Weindl, A. ^[62] ; Wiencke, L. ^[83] ; Wilczynski, H. ^[31] ; Winchen, T. ^[36] ; Wirtz, M. ^[16] ; Wittkowski, D. ^[23] ; Wundheiler, B. ^[10] ; Yushkov, A. ^[20] ; Zapparrata, O. ^[47] ; Zas, E. ^[12] ; Zavrtanik, D. ^{[74, 75]} ; Zavrtanik, M. ^{[74, 75]} ; Zehrer, L. ^[75] ; Zepeda, A. ^[107] ; Ziolkowski, M. ^[33] ; Zuccarello, F. ^{[37, 38]} ; Collaboration, Pierre Auger

Afiliação do(s) autor(es):Mostrar menos -

^[1] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Nijmegen - Netherlands

^[2] Univ Lisboa UL, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, Lisbon - Portugal

^[3] Univ Lisboa UL, Inst Super Tecn IST, Lisbon - Portugal

^[4] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Turin - Italy

^[5] Osservatorio Astrofis Torino INAF, Turin - Italy

^[6] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA - Australia

^[7] CNEA UNCuyo CONICET, Inst Balseiro, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina

^[8] Ctr Atom Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina

^[9] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[10] UNSAM, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas, CONICET, CNEA, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[11] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[12] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Galego Fis Altas Enerxias IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela - Spain

^[13] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Turin - Italy

^[14] CUNY, Dept Phys & Astron, Lehman Coll, Bronx, NY - USA

^[15] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Naples - Italy

^[16] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen - Germany

^[17] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue - Argentina

^[18] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue - Argentina

^[19] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest - Romania

^[20] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[21] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest - Romania

^[22] Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Fis Ettore Pancini, Naples - Italy

^[23] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Wuppertal - Germany

^[24] Univ Paris 07, LPSC IN2P3, Paris - France

^[25] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Inst Engn Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble - France

^[26] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Bonn - Germany

^[27] Univ Paris Saclay, IJCLab, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay - France

^[28] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Laquila - Italy

^[29] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[30] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[31] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow - Poland

^[32] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[33] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Phys Expt Teilchenphys, Siegen - Germany

^[34] Univ Granada, Granada - Spain

^[35] CAFPE, Granada - Spain

^[36] Vrije Univ Brussels, Brussels - Belgium

^[37] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Catania - Italy

^[38] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Catania - Italy

^[39] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas - Mexico

^[40] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan - Italy

^[41] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata - Argentina

^[42] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata - Argentina

^[43] Natl Inst Kernfys Hoge Energie Fys NIKHEF, Sci Pk, Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[44] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engn Lorena, Lorena, SP - Brazil

^[45] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, Lecce - Italy

^[46] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[47] Univ Libre Bruxelles ULB, Brussels - Belgium

^[48] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, Olomouc - Czech Republic

^[49] UNSAM, CONICET, CNEA, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas, Mendoza - Argentina

^[50] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Mendoza, CONICET, CNEA, Mendoza - Argentina

^[51] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 - USA

^[52] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis E De Giorgi, Lecce - Italy

^[53] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Laquila - Italy

^[54] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Milan - Italy

^[55] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Aerosp, Milan - Italy

^[56] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 - USA

^[57] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen - Netherlands

^[58] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, FCEyN, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[59] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[60] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio IAFE CONICET UBA, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[61] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[62] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[63] Univ Fed Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ - Brazil

^[64] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Observ Valongo, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[65] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[66] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Expt Particle Phys ETP, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[67] Univ Fed Parana, Setor Palotina, Palotina - Brazil

^[68] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 - USA

^[69] Stichting Astron Onderzoek Nederland ASTRON, Dwingeloo - Netherlands

^[70] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 - USA

^[71] NYU, New York, NY - USA

^[72] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[73] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 - USA

^[74] J Stefan Inst, Expt Particle Phys Dept, Ljubljana - Slovenia

^[75] Univ Nova Gorica, Ctr Astrophys & Cosmol CAC, Nova Gorica - Slovenia

^[76] I, UNR, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Rosario, Santa Fe - Argentina

^[77] I, CONICET UNR, Inst Fis Rosario IFIR, Rosario, Santa Fe - Argentina

^[78] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Kyoto - Japan

^[79] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto - Japan

^[80] Univ Lodz, Fac Astrophys, Lodz - Poland

^[81] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA - Brazil

^[82] Inst Space Sci, Bucharest - Romania

^[83] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 - USA

^[84] Ctr Fed Educ Tecnol Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo - Brazil

^[85] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP - Brazil

^[86] Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies LPNHE, Paris - France

^[87] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla - Mexico

^[88] Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Hamburg - Germany

^[89] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Chim, Laquila - Italy

^[90] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 - USA

^[91] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy

^[92] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Rome - Italy

^[93] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA

^[94] Univ Fed Alfenas, Pocos De Caldas - Brazil

^[95] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[96] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[97] Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga - Colombia

^[98] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Villa Martelli - Argentina

^[99] CITEDEF, Ctr Invest Laseres & Aplicac, Villa Martelli - Argentina

^[100] Inst Politecn Nacl UPIITA IPN, Unidad Profes Interdisciplinaria Ingn & Tecnol Av, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[101] Univ Groningen, KVI Ctr Adv Radiat Technol, Groningen - Netherlands

^[102] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[103] Univ Lodz, Fac High Energy Astrophys, Lodz - Poland

^[104] Univ Medellin, Medellin - Colombia

^[105] Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[106] Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds, W Yorkshire - England

^[107] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C; v. 80, n. 8 AUG 18 2020.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between 2x1017 and 2x1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at 1017.5 eV and 1018 eV. We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of 38%+/- 4%(12%)+/- 18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of 50%(53%)+/- 4%(13%)+/- 20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 10/07359-6 - Estudo dos raios cósmicos de mais altas energias com o Observatório Pierre Auger
• Beneficiário: Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 99/05404-3 - Observatório Pierre Auger
• Beneficiário: Carlos Ourivio Escobar
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 19/10151-2 - Estudo de raios cósmicos de energias ultra-altas com o AugerPrime
• Beneficiário: Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático